Sleep & Sleep Issues in the
Pediatric Population
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Sleep Patterns, Issues and Disorders in the Pediatric Population, Slides of Pediatrics
An in-depth analysis of sleep patterns, issues, and disorders in the pediatric population, covering topics such as sleep physiology, children's sleep architecture, sleep in preemies, normal infant sleep patterns, night wakenings, sids, school-age sleep issues, parasomnias, sleep bruxism, nocturnal enuresis, sleep motor phenomena, and adolescent sleep. It also discusses the link between sleep phenomena and seizures.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Sleep & Sleep Issues in the
Pediatric Population
Kids Sleep A lot
- Sleep is a common discussion point among
parents and doctors
Sleep Physiology
Wakefulness REM
Indeterminate NREM
Wakefulness
Stage 3 NREM
- 20-50 % Waves
Stage 4 NREM
50 % Waves
Stage REM Alpha Waves Conjugate Eye Movements
Children’s Sleep Architecture
Differs from Adults
- More REM
- Earlier REM
- More frequent REM
- More Total Hours of Sleep
REM & NREM Sleep by Age
M
M
M
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Total Hrs Sleep
Total Daily Sleep by Age
M
M
M
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Total Hrs Sleep
Sleep in Preemies
- “Indeterminate Sleep”
- Neither REM nor NREM
- Characterized by “Delta Brushes” and temporal spikes
- Predominant pattern at 34 wks
- Disappears by 3 months of age
- As gestational age increases…
- maximum EEG sleep activity switches from temporal to frontal
- Indeterminate Sleep decreases
- Synchrony between the 2 hemispheres increases
- The preemie’s sleep legacy is easier arousal later on…
Normal Infant Sleep
Patterns
- 18 hours a day, 50% REM, at birth
- Infants start sleep with REM
- Most sleep through night by 3 months
- 25 % still have not by 6 months of age
- Naps
- Usually 2 / day until 1st Birthday
- 2nd nap usually given up by age 3
SIDS
- Death of an infant under the age of 1 during sleep
- 90% under the age of 6 months
- Usually during winter months
- No known cause but many theories
- Poor respiratory response to CO
- Poor blood pressure control
- Inability to remove obstructions to breathing
- Known associations
- Sleeping on tummy
- Smokers in the house
- Not being breastfed docsity.com
School-Age Sleep Issues
- Bedtime Struggles
- Associated with TV viewing behaviors
- Parasomnias
Prevalence of Parasomnias in
Childhood
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Any
Sleepwalking^ Sleeptalking Night Terrors Restless Legs
Enuresis^ Bruxism
Persists
Persists Persists
Parasomnias Go Together
Sleepwalking Sleeptalking
Night Terrors Bruxism