Patient Safety - Applied Microbiology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Microbiology

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Patient Safety & Infection

Control in Health Care

Facilities

Seminar

Outline

History

Patient Safety

Infection Control:

A

Brief Introduction

Why Care About Infection Control?

Chain of Infection

Protection and Preventative Measures

The Limitations

Ethics of Infection Control

Conclusion

Patient

Safety:

A

Brief

Introduction

“The

discipline

of

patient

safety

is

the

coordinated

efforts

to

prevent

harm

caused

by

the

process

of

health

care

itself,

from

occurring

to

patients.”

Infection

Control:

A

Brief

Introduction

“Policies

and

procedures

used

to

minimize

the

risk

of

spreading

infections,

especially

in

hospitals

and

human

or

animal

health

care

facilities”

Typically caused by:

Bacteria or viruses - Human contact with an infected surface - Airborne transmission

Patient

Safety

Challenges

Wrong

Site

Surgery

Medication

Errors

Health

Care

Acquired

Infections

Falls

Readmissions

Diagnostic

Errors

Infection

Control

(IC)

Goal: Improve patient safety, lower infection rates, and lower patient mortality. How:^ • Establish standards to prevent transmission

Secure lowest rate of hospital acquired infection - Protects staff and visitors from unnecessary risks

When

to

Implement

Infection

Control

Cleaning and disinfecting strategies

Cleaning spills of blood and body substances - Carpeting and cloth furnishings - Flowers and plants in patient

care areas

Special pathogens - Nosocomial infections are common!

Chain

of

Infection

in

Health

Care

Facilities

Organism - Bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. - Specific properties: aerobic/anaerobic; resistance - Reservoir - Where is it found when not causing infectious diseases? - Animals, water supply, human intestines

Portal of Entry - Means of entering the host - Oral, inhaled, inset bite, break in skin - Vulnerable Hosts - People with compromised immune systems - Those with exposure to such microbes

Chain

of

Infection

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Drug

resistant bacteria

Infections are difficult to treat - Greatest concern in public places like hospitals, schools, nursing homes - Skin infections causing necrotizing fasciitis and form abscesses

Breaking

the

Chain

of

Infection

Understanding it is important in devising mechanisms to prevent possible diseases

Disrupting the process at any step will prevent an outbreak - Greatest success in breaking the chain occurs through: - Hygiene, to prevent exit or transmission - Treatment, to prevent entry or susceptibility

Nosocomial

Infections

Illnesses caused by improper

IC

Patients free from this infection prior to being admitted

Infection occurs within

hours after hospitalization

Preventive

Measures

Purpose

Higher quality of care and patient safety

Lower costs for patients because they will get sick less

Less burden on hospitals

Less likely for healthcare providers to get sick

Preventive

Measures

Methods

Hand hygiene - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - Proper use of Medical Equipment - Isolation of Patients