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step by step to patient assessment
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Uploaded on 10/24/2024
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New Patient Assessment, Consent, Note Keeping New Patient Assessment -Information gathering – everything you need to know about the patient before touching the patient (interviewing & interrogating) Medical, dental, social & family, history of presenting complaint What do they want from the visit – setting an agenda o Important for treatment planning as you should centre treatment around the presenting complaint -Reasons for attendance include pain, decay, swelling/ulcer/patch, aesthetics, bleeding gums/loose tooth, bad breath May have incidental findings Pain: SOCRATES Decay: duration, associating features (diet etc), number, appearance, function, can they identify where it is and have they had any work before (particularly on that side) Swelling, ulcers, patch: similar to SOCRATES, size, any associated medical conditions Aesthetics: shape, size, colour, length, gaps, placement etc Bleeding gums/loose tooth: site, when did you notice, does anything make it worse, when did it start, dark red/light red, bleeding could be due to systemic disease Bad breath: Medical History -Work through systems: all systems have an impact on the patient -ASA (American Society Anaesthesiology): risk assessment Does not take into account disabilities Unlikely to treat patients over grade 3 as these would be referred to special care dentistry Grade 3: multiple medications, have to rest whilst climbing the stairs Variables you need to consider Does not replace medical history -Mobility/dexterity issues Not considered by ASA -Surgical sieve – can be anatomical (consider from every anatomical/histological structure) or surgical sieve (all things that may be causing) – can use mnemonic VITAMIN CDEF Vascular Infective/inflammatory Trauma Autoimmune Metabolic Iatrogenic Neoplastic Congenital Degenerative Endocrine/Environment Functional -Surgical sieve helps identify common prevalent diseases – what oral manifestations may you see in the head and neck
-Common disorders you may see in a dental practice – go into each disease system, look at the diseases you are likely to come across, how does the disease manifest in the head and neck region, what are the implications on treatment, occupation hazards etc Social History and Past Dental History -Type of smoking, how much per day -Alcohol -Occupation -Family: particularly any caring, any familial conditions -Past dental history: attitude towards dental care -Anxiety: measure using anxiety scale (modified dental anxiety scale) Use any objective scale once i.e., on the first visit e.g., anxiety scale, then use on demand Oral Hygiene Practices -Type of toothbrush, type of brush, method of brushing, how often, fluoride, interproximal Diet -What have they ate in the last 24 hours – looking for balance, compliance is better but memory may be an issue -3 day diet history (diet diary) – compliance is an issue, one day must be a weekend -Trying to ascertain sugar hits, balance, 5 a day etc Extra Oral Examination -Inspection: visual, skeletal relationship – can have soft tissue compensation so need to look beyond, for specific classification i.e. x-ray -Palpation: -Percussion: -Auscultation: stethoscope – unlikely to use in general dentistry but can use to listen to TMJ -If gland has its own canicular path/ductal system it is an exocrine gland- secretions are pushed out to the surface, whereas endocrine produces secretions that are directly deposited into the blood Thyroid: endocrine Parathyroid: endocrine Major Salivary: exocrine Minor Salivary: exocrine Lacrimal: exocrine Sebaceous Lymph node: occipital, post-auricular, cervical o Lymph critical for epithelial tissue o Lymph not needed in highly vascularised tissues as drainage occurs via the blood o Lymph collected in nodes o Internal ring: Waldeyer's ring lingual tonsil, 2 nasopalatine tonsil, 2 pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids o External nodes: occipital, post-auricular, pre-auricular/facial, sub mandibular, sub lingual o Lymph nodes follow the path of the carotid sheath – 3 groups: upper, middle, lower o Examine level 1 first Submandibular: Parotid: to know if swelling/pain is masseter or parotid, ask patient to clench – initially think parotid until proven otherwise
-Following emergency and stabilisation treatment, a review should ve carried before deciding upon a definitive treatment plan Caries and perio must be stabilised Definitive Treatment Plan -Endo- root filling -Indirect restorations -Prosthetics