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PATH CTRI CERTIFICATION ACTUAL
EXAM 150 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
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"riding whip with a short, straight stock and loop - CORRECT ANSWER=> crop"
"gait defect that occurs when the inside of the hind foot strikes the diagonal foreleg - CORRECT
ANSWER=> cross-firing"
"type of bit designed to exert a leverage type of action in the horses mouth - CORRECT ANSWER=>
curb bit" "direct reign puts pressure on the bit, directly back towards the rider. works in opposite direction of forward motion. makes the horse shorten its stride for the turn, so best used when you need more
control or a tight turn - CORRECT ANSWER=> direct reign steering"
"time-tested, methodical progression of exercises designed to increase a horses muscular capabilities
and degree of suppleness - CORRECT ANSWER=> dressage"
"general description inclusive of horses, ponies, donkeys, mules - CORRECT ANSWER=> equine"
"activities that are facilitated by equine professionals and may provide opportunities for participants to
experience therapeutic benefits - CORRECT ANSWER=> EAA"
"treatments conducted by appropriately licensed medical professionals - CORRECT ANSWER=> EAT"
"the art of riding horses - CORRECT ANSWER=> equitation"
"Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the utmost while maintaining the same
rhythm. - CORRECT ANSWER=> extended gait"
"right side of the horse - CORRECT ANSWER=> far side"
"sequence in which the legs move in a gait - CORRECT ANSWER=> footfall pattern"
"front of horse, including head, neck, shoulders, foreleg, point of horse in front of the center of gravity -
CORRECT ANSWER=> forehand"
"style of riding that permits the rider to sit closer to the forehand and permits adjustment of the center
of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove the weight from the saddle - CORRECT
ANSWER=> forward seat"
"relaxed gait in which the horse is allowed complete freedom to stretch out and lower its head and neck
- CORRECT ANSWER=> freewalk"
"strap or webbing that holds saddle into place - CORRECT ANSWER=> girth"
"variation of travers, executed on the diagonal instead of along the wall. the horse, slightly bend around inside leg of rider should be as close as possible parallel to the long sides of the arena, the forehand
slightly in advance of the quarters - CORRECT ANSWER=> half-pass"
"extended canter, but horse remains collected, unlike the flat-out run where the gait almost returns to
four beat status - CORRECT ANSWER=> hand gallop"
"position where head and neck are carried relative to parallel; should have neck parallel to ground to
slightly above parallel - CORRECT ANSWER=> head carriage"
"amount of flexion at the poll. should be perpendicular to the ground slightly towards the vertical -
CORRECT ANSWER=> headset"
"person controlling horse during EAA lesson - CORRECT ANSWER=> horse leader"
"Engagement of the hind legs and rounding of the back, allowing the horse to move forward with greater
energy. - CORRECT ANSWER=> impulsion"
"horses ability to curve or bend its body from head to tail - CORRECT ANSWER=> lateral bend"
"work on two tracks, in which horse is bent uniformly from poll to tail and moves with forehand and quarters on two diff. tracks
shoulders in, haunches in, haunches out, and half passes are lateral movements - CORRECT
ANSWER=> lateral movement"
"leading foot of horse; when cantering circularly, the foot to the inner arc of the circle clockwise, a right
forehead, and counterclockwise is a left foot lead - CORRECT ANSWER=> lead"
"A suppling exercise designed to make a horse responsive to unilateral aids - CORRECT ANSWER=> leg
yield"
"walk next to the equine and rider to ensure safety and to help the student participate in class to the
best of the individuals ability - CORRECT ANSWER=> sidewalker"
"Change of lead performed by breaking gait to the trot. - CORRECT ANSWER=> simple change of lead"
"systematic building of skills upon a foundation. the CTRI should teach skills in an order that will most
effectively advance the rider to the best of their ability - CORRECT ANSWER=> skill progression"
"bit with a ring on either side that acts with direct pressure - CORRECT ANSWER=> snaffle bit"
"positive statement intended to reinforce the desired behavior of an individual that acknowledges the
individual by name - CORRECT ANSWER=> specific praise"
"distance covered by one foot when in motion - CORRECT ANSWER=> stride"
"equines ability to remain relaxed, flexible, and easily bend - CORRECT ANSWER=> supple"
"equipment used in riding and driving horses - CORRECT ANSWER=> tack"
"therapeutic horsemanship that involves mounted activities in traditional riding disciplines or adaptive
riding activities conducted by a professional certified instructor - CORRECT ANSWER=> therapeutic
riding" "narrow strap of bridal/headstall that goes under the throat and is used to secure the bridal to the head
- CORRECT ANSWER=> throat latch" "goes from hip, over the lion, through the back and neck. it consists of muscles the horse uses to carry itself through gaits
look at topline to know if horse is balanced - CORRECT ANSWER=> topline"
"change of gait or speed - CORRECT ANSWER=> transition"
"short, quick, choppy stride usually seen in horses that have short steep patterns and straight shoulders -
CORRECT ANSWER=> trappy"
"haunches in; horse lightly bent around the inside leg of rider, outside legs pass and cross in front of
inside leg - CORRECT ANSWER=> travers"
"two beat gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the ground simultaneously
between each beat there is a period where all four feet are off the ground - CORRECT ANSWER=> trot"
"The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time - CORRECT ANSWER=> two-track"
"western exercise to help some horses learn to balance on their hocks, collect themselves and turn on
their haunches - CORRECT ANSWER=> turnback"
"first basic lateral leg aid exercise; can be used to move the horse over, turn around, or to open/close
gaits while mounted - CORRECT ANSWER=> turn on the forehand"
"A serious condition that affects an equine's usefulness and way of moving. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
unsoundness" "even four beat gait -left hind -left fore -right hind
-right fore - CORRECT ANSWER=> walk"
"Regular and unconstrained, energetic but calm, with even, elastic steps. - CORRECT ANSWER=>
working gait" "Movement away from the midline of the body
-ex: legs separating - CORRECT ANSWER=> Abduction"
"behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the natural and social demands of the environment
- CORRECT ANSWER=> adaptive behavior" "Movement toward the midline of the body
-ex: legs moving together... might have difficulty sitting on equine - CORRECT ANSWER=> adduction"
"lower leg/foot brace used to support foot and ankle for walking - CORRECT ANSWER=> ankle-foot
orthotic"
"front of the body - CORRECT ANSWER=> anterior"
"lack of symmetry; used in reference to participant on the equine - CORRECT ANSWER=>
asymmetrical"
"incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are attempted - CORRECT
ANSWER=> ataxia"
"condition that involves involuntary slow irregular movements (twisting) - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Athetosis"
"a subjective sensations before start of seizure or migraine - CORRECT ANSWER=> aura"
"lack of tension in muscles; excessively relaxed or floppy - CORRECT ANSWER=> flaccid"
"to bend body or joint - CORRECT ANSWER=> flexion"
"paralysis on one side of body - CORRECT ANSWER=> hemiplegia"
"straightening of joint beyond its normal position - CORRECT ANSWER=> Hyperextension"
"increased resting tension of muscle
-hard to move in certain ways - CORRECT ANSWER=> hypertonia"
"decreased resting tension of muscle
-hard to hold self up or move - CORRECT ANSWER=> hypotonia"
"inability to control bladder and/or bowels - CORRECT ANSWER=> incontinence"
"below or lower than - CORRECT ANSWER=> inferior"
"rotate toward midline - CORRECT ANSWER=> internal rotation"
"conscious perception of extent, direction, position, and weight of movement of body - CORRECT
ANSWER=> kinesthesia"
"tall leg brace, up to mid thigh, that helps position/support leg for walking - CORRECT ANSWER=> Knee
Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO)"
"abnormal spinal curve resulting in rounded upper back - CORRECT ANSWER=> kyphosis"
"side to side - CORRECT ANSWER=> lateral"
"tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline - CORRECT ANSWER=> lateral felxion"
"abnormal spinal curvature resulting in arched lower back - CORRECT ANSWER=> lordosis"
"center of body - CORRECT ANSWER=> medial"
"slight injury or lesion - CORRECT ANSWER=> Microtrauma"
"imaginary line down the center of the body - CORRECT ANSWER=> midline"
"resting tension of muscle that allows it to be in a state of readiness - CORRECT ANSWER=> muscle
tone"
"to close or block off - CORRECT ANSWER=> occlude"
"basis of all aspects of vision; 3 components... fixation, visual tracking, and focus - CORRECT
ANSWER=> ocular control"
"holding the eyes still in order to look at something - CORRECT ANSWER=> fixation"
"ability to follow movement with eyes after fixating eyes on something - CORRECT ANSWER=> visual
tracking"
"ability to rapidly change from looking at a near to far object - CORRECT ANSWER=> focus"
"brace/support used to position, align, or support part of body - CORRECT ANSWER=> orthosis"
"the loss of movement and sensation - CORRECT ANSWER=> paralysis"
"paralysis or paresis involving muscle weakness - CORRECT ANSWER=> paraplegia"
"partial or incomplete paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER=> paresis"
"nerves of the body other than brain and spinal chord - CORRECT ANSWER=> peripheral nervous
system" "persistence of one reply, ideal or motor response
-excessive repetition - CORRECT ANSWER=> perseveration"
"bending the ankle so the toes point down - CORRECT ANSWER=> plantar flexion"
"back of the body - CORRECT ANSWER=> Posterior"
"body position - CORRECT ANSWER=> posture"
"skill/performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning - CORRECT ANSWER=>
praxis" "turning the palm of hand down to tipping the sole of the foot so the weight is shifted to the arch of the
foot - CORRECT ANSWER=> pronation"
"position of body laying face down - CORRECT ANSWER=> prone"
"sense of body awareness in space - CORRECT ANSWER=> proprioception"
“position of the rider that requires the minimum of muscular effort to remain in saddle and that
interferes the least with the horses movements and equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER=> balanced seat"
"part of the reigns passing between thumb fingers and top of hands - CORRECT ANSWER=> bight of
the reigns"
"defect that hurts an equines appearance but doesn't hurt it's working ability - CORRECT ANSWER=>
blemish"
"animal breaking out of control or trying to run away - CORRECT ANSWER=> bolting"
"tamed/trained to a particular function OR to leave or alter gate - CORRECT ANSWER=> broke"
"3-beat gait in which the 1st and 3rd beats are made by 2 legs striking the ground independently and the
second beat is made by 2 limbs striking the ground simultaneously - CORRECT ANSWER=> canter or
lope"
"Right hind, left hind/right fore, left fore - CORRECT ANSWER=> left lead canter"
"left hind, right hind/left fore, right fore - CORRECT ANSWER=> right lead canter"
"headstall with large noseband for exercising or training horses - CORRECT ANSWER=> caresson"
"change of leading leg at canter - CORRECT ANSWER=> change of lead"
"girth of western saddle - CORRECT ANSWER=> cinch"
"describes horse that humps its back and does not settle down until the saddle has been on a few minutes; some may tuck tails and arch back when mounted and others may take a few hops until
warmed up - CORRECT ANSWER=> cold-backed"
"remaining on the bit, the horse moves forward with neck raised and arched as a result of energetic impulsion. lightness of forehand, engagement of hindquarters are called for; shorter stride but lighter
and more mobile - CORRECT ANSWER=> collected gaits"
"way the horse is put together; its physique...good conformation means horse is able to work and stay
sound - CORRECT ANSWER=> conformation"
"supplying movement deliberately asking for the opposite of normal lead; like right lead on circle to the
left - CORRECT ANSWER=> counter canter"
"a way in which a rider in jumping position can maintain balance and control by placing each hand firmly
on top of the crest - CORRECT ANSWER=> crest release"
