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Oregon Pesticide Laws and Safety 91
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Pesticides - ANSWER-include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and many other substances used to kill, harm, or repel pests. General Use Pesticides - ANSWER-may be bought over the counter without a pesticide license. Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) - ANSWER-are a category of products that pose a higher risk to people, animals, or the environment. They can only be purchased by a person with a pesticide license; use requires supervision by a licensed applicator. Pesticide CERTIFICATION - ANSWER-the process of demonstrating a person knows how to handle and apply pesticides in a safe and responsible manner. valid for up to five (5) years Pesticide LICENSING - ANSWER-the process to obtain the actual license that shows that a person has met certification requirements to make specific pesticide applications under that license. PRIVATE PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LICENSE - ANSWER-needed to purchase, apply, or supervise the use of restricted-use pesticides (RUPs) on land in agricultural production that a person, or their employer owns, leases, or rents. This includes farmland, rangeland, forests, greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, etc. IMMEDIATELY SUPERVISED Pesticide TRAINEE LICENSE - ANSWER-for individuals who work under the supervision of a Commercial or Public Pesticide Applicator.
- Must be on-site at all times with the trainee when making pesticide applications, and
- Be able to reach the trainee's location within five minutes.
- No required exam Trainees may only make applications within their supervisor's categories.
- The supervising applicator is responsible for training the Immediately Supervised Trainee PESTICIDE APPRENTICE LICENSE - ANSWER-individuals who work under the supervision of a Commercial or Public Pesticide Applicator.
- The supervising applicator does not need to be onsite when the apprentice is making pesticide applications, BUT the apprentice must be able to reach the supervising applicator at all times.
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- The Pesticide Apprentice is not a certified applicator. In order to renew this license, beyond the first year, the apprentice will need to attend eight (8) hours of approved continuing education classes. The eight hours must consist of at least four (4) hours of CORE credits. If the apprentice does not accrue the required credit hours, they will need to retake the Laws & Safety exam to re-license.
- Required exam: Laws & Safety Apprentices may only make applications within their supervisor's categories. The supervising applicator is responsible for training the apprentice. PUBLIC PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LICENSE - ANSWER-required of employees of federal and state agencies, counties, cities, municipalities, irrigation districts, drainage districts, soil and water conservation districts or other special districts, public utilities, and telecommunication utilities who in the course of their work:
- Use or supervise the use of restricted-use pesticides, (RUPs) and/or;
- Use machine-powered equipment to apply any pesticides (general or restricted)
- Apply pesticides (including organic and 25b products) on the property of any Oregon pre-kindergarten, public and private K- 1 2 schools, community colleges, federal Head Start programs, Oregon School for the Deaf, Oregon Youth Authority residential academy, or education service districts
- Required exam: Laws & Safety and at least one category exam. COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LICENSE - ANSWER-Apply or supervise the application of ANY pesticide (general use, restricted use, organic, and 25b products) on the land or property of others while employed by a Commercial Pesticide Operator IPM - ANSWER-IPM is a common-sense strategy that integrates multiple tactics to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level. Strategies include sanitation, pest exclusion, cultural, biological, mechanical, chemical control. IPM weighs the risks and benefits of pest reduction methods to determine the most environmentally and economically sound manner to manage pests Worker Protection Standard WPS - ANSWER-protection of employees on farms, and in forests, nurseries, and greenhouses from occupational exposure to agricultural pesticides WPS Agricultural Workers - ANSWER-performing tasks related to the cultivation and harvesting of plants, including pruning, sucker removal, watering, and potting WPS Pesticide Handlers - ANSWER-assigned to mix, load, or apply agricultural pesticides; enter greenhouses to operate ventilation equipment after applications; handle equipment with residues; adjust or remove soil fumigant coverings, etc.
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Section 24(c) - ANSWER-Special local needs. If a pest causes serious damage to a crop and there is no pesticide already registered to control it. FIFRA allows states to give out. must have the supplemental label when applying Personal protective equipment (PPE) - ANSWER-special clothing or equipment that protcts from pesticide exposure. coveralls, protective suits, gloves aprons, respirators eye ware etc must. Exposure - ANSWER-how much chemical contacted the body surface Dose - ANSWER-the amount of chemical absorbed into the body (through skin, eye, gut, lung) toxicity - ANSWER-how a substance adversely affects a living system dose-time relationship acute exposure - ANSWER-one time or limited exposure to a pesticide chronic exposure - ANSWER-contact to a pesticide over a period of time acute toxicity - ANSWER-effects that appear within minutes/days after exposure. how poisonous a substance is after an acute exposure- Basis for the warning statements on a label. Risk? - ANSWER-= Toxicity + Exposure. how poisonous, the amount and route of exposure Routes of entry - ANSWER-Dermal, inhalation, oral and ocular factors that affect toxicity (3) - ANSWER-route of entry, frequency and duration of exposure, does Lethal dose fifty (LD50) - ANSWER-the does of pesticide that kills half of animals (50%) in a does response study. Catagory highly toxic - ANSWER-Signal word DANGER POISON! very small oral/skin dose can kill a person (drops-teaspoon) Catagory Moderately toxic - ANSWER-Signal word Warning! small oral dose can kill a person (over teaspoon-1 ounce) Catagory slightly toxic - ANSWER-Signal word Caution! (over 1 ounce-1 pint/lb) oral dose that can kill a person
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relatively nontoxic - ANSWER-Signal word Caution! (over 1 pint/lb) oral dose that can kill a person Chronic effects - ANSWER-usually irreversible last for the rest or your life. reproductive damage, teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine disruption acute effects - ANSWER-reversible sometimes delayed. skin rash, nausea, eye irritation, dizziness and harm to the liver non-point source - ANSWER-pesticides that move down with rain or irrigation water and reach the water table point source polution - ANSWER-pesticides that enter a well from a spill or back siphoning and get into groundwater directly. Transfer processes - ANSWER-factors that affect pesticide movement from soil to groundwater. adsorption, runoff, leaching and volatilization. how to protect groundwater - ANSWER-read/follow label, Use IPM, know soil type, understand chemical type, know location-avoid near water source, avoid spill pesticide formulations - ANSWER-granule, dust, wettable powder- flowable, water solution, oil solution how to protect bee's from pesticide - ANSWER-right pesticide/right application, DON't spray or allow pesticide to drift onto crops in bloom. spray when bees are not active, don't treat near hives. why use IPM? - ANSWER-Balanced ecosystem, pesticides might not work, saves money basic steps of IPM? - ANSWER-prevent pest buildup, monitor pests, assess, decide best action when to control pests based on IPM? - ANSWER-control after pest density has passed economic threshold, before economic injury level economic threshold - ANSWER-pest numbers reach a level above which there is a risk to that the grower could lose money. economic injury - ANSWER-when pest numbers surpass economic threshold than the cost of control is equal to the value of the yield or quality that you would lose without control measures
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MSDS physical and chemical properties - ANSWER-describes the products physicals appearance, how product behaves under certain conditions. important for mixing, storage, drift, leaching and runoff. Soil KOC - ANSWER-soil organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient. useful in predicting the mobility of pesticides. high KOC less mobility lower KOC more mobility. calculates soil concentration that protects groundwater MSDS - ANSWER-provides technical information about products hazards to workers and end users. detailed information about products composition, properties and hazards, toxicological and ecological information and first aid procedures emulsifiable concentrates EC/E - ANSWER- 25 - 75% active ingredient not soluble in water. soluble in oil. emulsifier needed to mix in water. adjutants needed (wetting agents, spreader/stickers) Advantages: penetrate waxy surfaces better, low pressure needed. Drawbacks: highly concentrated, phytotoxic, absorbed easily through the skin and hazardous to handler. Solutions S - ANSWER-active ingredient dissolve readily in petroleum or water based solutions. when mixed with a solvent they form a solution that does not settle out or separate. advantage: Ready-to-Use (RTU) no mixing, low concentrate designed to be sprayed as purchased. Disadvantage: costly for the amount of active ingredient, few uses Dusts (D) - ANSWER-finely ground, dry mixture combining a low concentration of the pesticide with an inert carrier such as talc, clay, or volcanic ash. ready to use as purchased and require no mixing. may drift long distances. for spot treatments and home gardens Granules (G) - ANSWER-dry, ready-to-use, low concentrate mixtures of pesticide. in a granular formulation each about the same size. Granules are ready to use as purchased, little toxic dust to drift up, use seeders or fertilizer spreaders. dont stick to foliage Wettable or Soluble Powders (WP or SP) - ANSWER-dry preparations containing a relatively high concentration of pesticides. dissolve in water to form solutions. safer, dont absorb through the skin as rapidly, easily measured and mixed. hazardous to the applicator if concentrated dust is inhaled. calibrating finding gallons per acre - ANSWER-sq ft per acre, speed of sprayer, width of spray boom, delivery rate of sprayer factors that affect delivery rate (output) - ANSWER-speed, nozzle size/amount, pressure,
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Section 18 - ANSWER-Emergency exemption. pest crisis with no registered pesticide to control it, could cause economic loss. there is a pesticide that could control but it hasnt been registered with EPA. ODA must prove to EPA the emergency Section 25(b) - ANSWER-some pesticides do not need federal or Oregon registration and are exempt. low risk ingredients microencapsolated pesticide - ANSWER-tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules. capsule wall breaks down and slowly releases the active ingredient. Microencapsulated materials have several advantages: Highly toxic materials are safer for applicators to mix and apply. dis adv,- bees can mistake them for pollen bringing them back to the hive killing the colony most common routes of pesticide exposure? - ANSWER-Dermal and inhalation what to do when you have been exposed to pesticides? - ANSWER-call Oregon Poison control/ Doctor When not to induce vomiting when pesticide has been swallowed? - ANSWER-the label says not too, unconscious or convulsing, swallowed corrosive or petroleum poison Adjuvants - ANSWER-a chemical added to the pesticide formulation to improve it action or safety dry flowable - ANSWER-small granules that disperse in solution. help reduce dust and allow to flow like a liquid. settle out quickly, abrasive to equipment formulation - ANSWER-when pesticide AI is mixed with solvents, wetting agents powders or granules how to properly open pesticide containers? - ANSWER-Do not tear open, use a sharp knife. What is a symptom of pesticide poisoning? - ANSWER-a feeling that only a person who has been poisoned can notice What is a sign of pesticide poisoning? - ANSWER-evidence or clue of poisioning that others can see
