Understanding the Master Boot Record and Operating System Components, Slides of Computer Fundamentals

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Lecture

Operating Systems

The Role of An OS

•^

User/ programmer convenience: simple, consistent way forapplications to interact withthe hardware.

-^

Greater resource utilization: manages the hardware andsoftware resources of thecomputer system, often invisibly.

Kernel

CommandInterpreter

File (Shell) Manager

DeviceManager

GUI

Loader

OS Components

Kernel

• The heart of the OS• Responsible for all the essential operations like

managing resources, task scheduling, etc.

• Also contains low-level HW interfaces.• Size important, as it is memory-resident• Type of Kernel
  • Monolithic kernels– Micro-kernels

Processor Management

• Various programs compete for the attention of

the microprocessor.

• The OS plays the role of the honest referee,

making sure that each application gets thenecessary attention required for its properexecution.

• It tries to optimally manages the limited

processing capacity of the microprocessor tothe greatest good of all the users & apps

Memory Management

• Straight forward for a single-user, single

tasking

• The OS ensures that:
  • each application has enough private memory– applications do not run into other application’s

private memory.

• The OS is responsible for efficient utilization

of hierarchical system memory (e.g. RAM,cache, etc.).

Directory Structure System

C:

Windows

Users

Program Files

Device Management

• Applications talk to devices through the OS and

OS talks to and manages devices throughdevice drivers Example:

When we print to a laser printer, we

do not need to know its details. All we do is totell the printer device driver about what needsto be printed and it takes care of the details