One Minute Sit-Up Test: Determining Abdominal Endurance in Athletes of Belagavi | Study notes Physiotherapy

One Minute Sit-Up Test in Athletes of Belagavi:

An Exploratory Study

Basavaraj Motimath1, Manish Kumar Sah2, Dhaval Chivate3

1Associate Professor & Head of Department, 2Post Graduate Student, Sports Physiotherapy,

3Lecturer, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

Background: OneminuteSit-UpTestisaphysicalfitnessbatterycommonlyusedtoevaluatetheendurance

of an athlete. Performing as many repetitions of sit-up as possible in one minute duration of time reveals the

endurance level of that athlete which can be used in future for planning the training program.

Objectives: To determine the standard value of one minute Sit-Up Test in the athletes of Belagavi.

Methodology: 220athletes(n=220)werescreenedforthestudy.Theagecriteriaforthisstudywas18to

25 years. Participants were briefed about the nature of the study. Those willing to participate were given

5 minutes of warm up before sit up procedure and after warm up they were told to perform sit up for one

minute. The test were performed in three trials and the best value of the three trial were recorded.

Results: The ranges of sit up repetitions per minute in the athletes of Belagavi were from 20 to 76. The average

situprepetitionsperminuteformaleandfemaleathletesis36.04±6.37and30.82±6.81respectively.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study revealed that the athletes of the Belagavi city have good endurance

capacityastheaveragesituprepetitionsperminuteforthemfallsundertheGoodGradecategory.

Keywords: Sit–Up Test, Timed Sit – Up, Norms of Sit – Up Test, Abdominal endurance, Field Test

Corresponding Author:

ManishKumarSah

PostGraduateStudent,SportsPhysiotherapy,

KAHER,InstituteofPhysiotherapy,

Belagavi,Karnataka,India

Email:dr.msahpt@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

Testing and maintaining muscle endurance in the

athletes is always considered as an important criteria

for their sports performance.1 In athletes, maintaining

abdominal muscles endurance is of more important

for core stability and back support required for long

durational performance.4,5 This is because, the ability

to control the position and motion of the trunk over

the pelvis results in optimum production, transfer and

control of force and motion to the terminal and distal

segment in integrated athletic activities hence enhancing

the sports skill and performance.1,16 However, there is

always a debate about the testing measures of endurance

level in an athlete.

According to the present sports fitness concept,

fieldbased testsare usedinsteadof laboratorytests for

the evaluation of the motor skills, muscular endurance

and strength in athletes.2 Generally, timed Weighted

Squat (ST), Push-Up Test (PUT), Sit-Up Test (SUT),

and Curl-Up Test (CUT) are used for the evaluation

of the endurance level in an athlete.3 The timed Sit-

up test (SUT) is commonly performed by athletes that

defines the endurance of the abdominal and hip flexor

muscle and also maintains the core muscle stability.3,12

It also helps to correlate the core muscles stability with

action of distal muscles and to maintain this correlation

always positive.3 Also, SUT has greater effect in the

rehabilitationofthe injuredathletesenhancingthetime

lapsinordertoreturntosportsafteraninjury.4

In One Minute SUT, performing as much number of

sit-up repetitions rates the level of endurance.6 But there

arenoanyspecificstandardvaluesof Sit-uprepetitions

for one minute duration. The number of repetitions

DOI Number: 10.5958/0973-5674.2019.00015.7

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One Minute Sit-Up Test in Athletes of Belagavi:

An Exploratory Study

Basavaraj Motimath^1 , Manish Kumar Sah^2 , Dhaval Chivate^3 (^1) Associate Professor & Head of Department, 2 Post Graduate Student, Sports Physiotherapy, (^3) Lecturer, KAHER Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Background: One minute Sit-Up Test is a physical fitness battery commonly used to evaluate the endurance of an athlete. Performing as many repetitions of sit-up as possible in one minute duration of time reveals the endurance level of that athlete which can be used in future for planning the training program. Objectives: To determine the standard value of one minute Sit-Up Test in the athletes of Belagavi. Methodology: 220 athletes (n = 220) were screened for the study. The age criteria for this study was 18 to 25 years. Participants were briefed about the nature of the study. Those willing to participate were given 5 minutes of warm up before sit up procedure and after warm up they were told to perform sit up for one minute. The test were performed in three trials and the best value of the three trial were recorded. Results: The ranges of sit up repetitions per minute in the athletes of Belagavi were from 20 to 76. The average sit up repetitions per minute for male and female athletes is 36.04 ± 6.37 and 30.82 ± 6.81 respectively. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study revealed that the athletes of the Belagavi city have good endurance capacity as the average sit up repetitions per minute for them falls under the Good Grade category. Keywords: Sit–Up Test, Timed Sit – Up, Norms of Sit – Up Test, Abdominal endurance, Field Test Corresponding Author: Manish Kumar Sah Post Graduate Student, Sports Physiotherapy, KAHER, Institute of Physiotherapy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India Email: dr.msahpt@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

Testing and maintaining muscle endurance in the athletes is always considered as an important criteria for their sports performance.^1 In athletes, maintaining abdominal muscles endurance is of more important for core stability and back support required for long durational performance.4,5^ This is because, the ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over the pelvis results in optimum production, transfer and control of force and motion to the terminal and distal segment in integrated athletic activities hence enhancing the sports skill and performance.1,16^ However, there is always a debate about the testing measures of endurance level in an athlete. According to the present sports fitness concept, field based tests are used instead of laboratory tests for the evaluation of the motor skills, muscular endurance and strength in athletes.^2 Generally, timed Weighted Squat (ST), Push-Up Test (PUT), Sit-Up Test (SUT), and Curl-Up Test (CUT) are used for the evaluation of the endurance level in an athlete.^3 The timed Sit- up test (SUT) is commonly performed by athletes that defines the endurance of the abdominal and hip flexor muscle and also maintains the core muscle stability.3, It also helps to correlate the core muscles stability with action of distal muscles and to maintain this correlation always positive.^3 Also, SUT has greater effect in the rehabilitation of the injured athletes enhancing the time laps in order to return to sports after an injury.^4 In One Minute SUT, performing as much number of sit-up repetitions rates the level of endurance.^6 But there are no any specific standard values of Sit-up repetitions for one minute duration. The number of repetitions DOI Number: 10.5958/0973-5674.2019.00015.

depend upon the athletes and the type of sports they play. In practice, many athlete fitness professionals have to go for the endurance test prior to exercise routine for each athletes. This gives unequal and non-standardized value which might provide improper and unreliable fitness program for them.^6 Therefore, a baseline data is required for timed sit-up program to apply on the athletes as utterly or nationally fitness batteries. There are various factors contributing muscular endurance in athletes, comprising muscle strength, fibre type, training, diet, environmental condition, etc. It has been found that any changes in geographical conditions influences the muscular endurance of an athlete.^10 The level of muscular endurance in athletes from different states or countries differ from each other.10,17-19^ Thus, a standard value of timed sit-up repetition in the athletes from different geographical location should be determined. There is paucity of evidences tabulating this value in Indian athletes. Hence, this study is intended to determine the standard value of one minute sit-up test in the various athletes of Belagavi. This value might be useful in future to set the abdominal endurance program, to rate the endurance level and even to train the athletes of Belagavi further to match global standards. METHODOLOGY Ethical Clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee. 220 athletic subjects of Belagavi were screened. Both male and female athletes of age group 18 to 25 years of Belagavi were included in the study. Any athletes taking medicines regularly or under diet restriction regimen, having any discomfort or back pain while performing trunk flexion activity, or having any recent abdominal pain or surgery were excluded in the study. Also, the female athletes during first two days of the menstrual cycle were excluded.^1 They were briefed about the nature and procedure of the study. Only those willing to participate were recruited for the study. A Written informed consent was obtained from them. All the participants were processed through one minute sit up test. The test procedure required the athletes to lie down on exercise mat with knees bent, feet flat on the mat and hands placed on ears. The athletes’ feet were held by an assistant. The assistant had to give the command “GO” and simultaneously start the stop watch. On listening the command, the subjects had to lift their upper body and touch their knees with elbows and perform the same as many times as possible for next one minute. This procedure included three trials of SUT, each for one minute. The final score was the best of the three attempts. OUTCOME MEASURES One minute Sit-Up Test is a physical fitness battery commonly used to evaluate the endurance of an athlete. Performing as many repetitions of sit-up as possible in one minute duration of time reveals the endurance level of that athlete.3, Materials: An exercise mat, a stopwatch and a hand held tally counter Scoring: The completion of one sit up was coming up to knee and going back down flat on the mat. Only correctly performed sit up were counted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 21 version. Comparison and correlation of male and females athletes in terms of maximum number of sit ups in one minute was done using t test. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The total 220 athletes participated in this study, out of which 108 were male athletes and rest 112 were female athletes. All the participants were competed in either college (4), district (104), state (57), national (46) or international level (9). The participant’s mean ± SD years of playing was 3.83 ± 2.54 years. The years of playing of male athletes was 3.67±2.43 whereas that of female was 3.97±2.64 respectively. The best of three sit up attempts of male was 36.04±6.37 while that of female was 30.82±6. respectively. Figure 1 shows that value of the best of three sit up attempts of male was comparatively more than females. Table 1 shows the values of the one minute sit up repetitions in the athletes of Belagavi city. The standard repetitions of overall athletes was 33.38 ± 7.08 in the ranges of 20 to 76. The duration of playing of athletes had significantly shown effect in the sit up repetitions (Table 2, 3, 4).

Table 4: Correlation between best of three attempts scores with duration of playing in females Variables Correlation between best of three attempts scores with r-value t-value p-value Duration of playing

DISCUSSION

The primary purpose of this study was to record the Sit-Up Test (SUT) for one minute in the various athletes of Belagavi City. In this study, 220 athletes from Belagavi city and of different competitive level were participated. The participants were experienced athletes having average of 3.83 ± 2.5 years of playing duration in either college level/district level/state level/national level/international level competitions. Previous studies have already proven that sit up test is used for testing and maintaining the muscular endurance.^3 This study supports and add some norms to the study done by Sarah L. Strand et al. (2014) which stated that sit up test is the battery required to check the muscular endurance. They had concluded that sit up test along with some other test like curls up, push up and planks are used to test as well as maintain the muscular endurance of the athletes. There are studies done for the values of sit up test in athletes other than the Indian athletes. That values are used as the global standard. According to Golding et al. (1986), the normal values of this test ranges from 25 to 49 repetitions per minute for male athletes whereas 18 to 43 repetitions per minute for female athletes respectively. They had divided into seven categories of athletes’ endurance i.e. excellent, good, above average, average, below average, poor and very poor. Similarly, this study also graded the endurance level into three grades; excellent, good and poor. This study provides the values of sit ups test for the athletes Belagavi city to match them and even train them as per the global standards. According to Kathryn M. Refshauge et al, the ability to perform the exercise using the core muscles in female athletes has comparatively less than the male athletes. This study also found that the ability to perform the sit up repetitions in one minute time duration is more in male athletes of Belagavi city in compare to female athletes. Besides this the duration of playing the sports has significantly affected the sit up repetitions. This study provides the facts that the endurance level in the athlete is more if the athlete is experienced and has the longer duration of sports exposure. Future Scope: The result of this study might be useful in future to set the abdominal endurance program as well as to rate the endurance level of the athletes of Belagavi City. This value will even be helpful to train the athletes of Belagavi further to match the global standards. Future study must also be conducted to see if the improved core endurance influences the performance of the athletes. Limitations: There must be large sample to generalize the value of this test. CONCLUSION This study provided the spectrum of the common values of the sit up test for the different males and females Indian athletes. These values might be used as a baseline data required for timed sit-up program to apply on the Indian athletes as utterly or nationally fitness batteries. Conflict of Interest: None Source of Funding: Self Ethical Clearance: Taken REFERENCE

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One Minute Sit-Up Test: Determining Abdominal Endurance in Athletes of Belagavi, Study notes of Physiotherapy

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Download One Minute Sit-Up Test: Determining Abdominal Endurance in Athletes of Belagavi and more Study notes Physiotherapy in PDF only on Docsity!

One Minute Sit-Up Test in Athletes of Belagavi:

An Exploratory Study

INTRODUCTION

DISCUSSION