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Foundations of Professional Nursing Exam 1
- What are all of the NOF core competencies Correct Answer Evidence- based practice Quality improvement Safety Teamwork & collaboration Communication Information & technology Systems-based practice Leadership Professionalism Patient-centered care
- What was the first class to graduate without uniform Correct Answer ULowell
- Primitive beliefs Correct Answer soul as separate entity, spirits caused illness
- Hindi Correct Answer Hygiene linked to health Nursing interventions became basis for holistic nursing practice
- Egypt Correct Answer Derived therapies from plants, animals, minerals
- India Correct Answer Qualification of nurse -knowledge of drug preparation
- cleverness -devotion to patients -purity of body and mind
- Babylonians Correct Answer First sliding scale for payment
- China Correct Answer Balance of energy -/+ or yin/yang Principles of physical
examination -look, listen, ask ,feel
- Persia Correct Answer Beautiful hospitals with specialized wards
- Palestine Correct Answer Natural cures and outlines for food inspection, vital statistic records, infectious disease quarantine followed by fumigation
- Greece- hippocrates Correct Answer Outlined role of physicians, set standards for bathing, bandaging, other cures
- Rome Correct Answer Health restored by Gods Care reserved for soldiers
- Northern Europe Correct Answer Use of herbs "White and black magic"
- Roman Matrons (AD 1-500) Correct Answer Earliest nurses were church deaconesses Phoebe Correct Answer mother of visiting nursing First hospitals, shelters, hospices, asylums, nursing hospitals
- Advances in Greece (AD 1-500) Correct Answer Aretaeus -Introduction of cleanliness, skin care, mouth care, pain control, care for febrile and excitable patients
grams, schools and orphanages Use of the word Pflegerin (nurse) -Nursing society of Philadelphia was founded -home maternity services -home, school on cooking, obstetrics -clinical instruction in client homes
- Elizabeth Fry Correct Answer Referred Florence Nightingale to Kaiserwoth (German training program for nurses) Established programs for women prisoners to make, sell goods to improve living conditions of children born in prison
- Fredrike Fliedner Correct Answer Provided clinical, theoretical instruction on art of nursing
- Catherine McAuley Correct Answer Led formation of Religious Sisters of Mercy
- Spiritual Focused Perspective Correct Answer Focus on spiritual love, calm, restorative envi- ronments, safety and comfort, health education, collaboration, care of self
-specific instructions on how to do procedures, use of equipment -stressed importance of attending to patient psychological needs, maintaining health of caregivers
- Florence Nightingale Correct Answer Establishment of "Nightingale fund" Nursing as an art Superintendent of Nursing Staff during Crimean War Transformed Hospitals, reduced mortality rate Well known for defining modern nursing Known for sanitary and social reform in nursing Embraced spirituality and embodied that spirit which was felt in her presence and therefore by her patients and the nursing profession
- Mary Seacole Correct Answer Provided shelter, relaxation, food to civilians Prescribed medicines
- Lillian Wald, Mary Brewster Correct Answer opened nurses settlement house in NYC -used term "public health nurse" -Founded henry street settlement house
- Civil War Nursing Correct Answer Began when women transformed ballrooms of their homes into wards
- Dorothea Dix Correct Answer Founded first American army nursing corps
- Clara Barton Correct Answer Founded American Red Cross
- Public health movement in nursing Correct Answer Formal client records Cooperation with other groups providing community care
- William Booth Correct Answer Founded salvation army
Patient-focused cared Clinical pathways Standardized nursing care plans RN role changes= collaborative relationships
- Nursing in the first postmodern era 2000-present Correct Answer Older adults now live longer Economic disparities Rising health care costs Specialty certification Evidence- based standards
- The future of nursing Correct Answer Efforts to elevate profession of nursing continue Establishment of nursing's own "body of knowledge" - evidence based practice Greater need for highly educated nurses
- ANA Position Paper Correct Answer Orderly transition from hospital-based diploma programs to education in colleges/universities
- Premises Correct Answer Education in an institution of higher education BSN as minimum for professional nurse; associate's degree as minimum for techni- cal practice Short, intensive preservice programs in vocational educational institutions for assis- tants in health care occupations
- 1960s education Correct Answer Primarily diploma schools of nursing education Baccalaureate enrollment increasing Associate's degree programs just beginning
- 2000s education Correct Answer Diploma programs virtually gone ADN as primary model for
initial nursing education BSN education on the rise 50% of current RN workforce holding a baccalaureate or graduate degree
- What are the cons of having a higher education level Correct Answer Better patient out- comes Better care environments, best nurse staffing levels, and most highly educated nurse -->lowest surgical mortality rates
- Tri-council for nursing Correct Answer Education advancement to enhance quality and safety across health care settings
- True or false Correct Answer An employer will most likely pay a nurse with a BSN a larger salary than a nurse with an ADN Correct Answer FALSE
- Which of the following would most likely be the major barrier to obtaining advanced nursing education? A. Fear of going back to school
Use science as basis for professional practice, art when modifying care approaches
- 6 essential features of professional nursing Correct Answer Provide caring relationship that promotes health, healing Assess, attend to full range of human responses, experiences Integrate subjective, objective data Use professional judgment, critical thinking Use scholarly inquiry Strive for social justice by influencing social, public policy
- Purpose of nursing care Correct Answer Health promotion Illness prevention Health restoration End of life care
- Socialization (enculturation) Correct Answer the process by which a person acquires the technical skills of his or her society, the knowledge of the kinds of behavior that are understood and acceptable in society, and the attitudes and values that make conformity with social rules personally meaningful
- Resocialization Correct Answer occurs when individuals are forced to learn new values, skills, attitudes, and social rules as a result of changes in the type of work they do, the scope of responsibility they hold, or in the new workplace setting itself
- Positive socialization Correct Answer supportive behaviors, encouraging communication, teamwork and collaboration & professional behaviors in nursing practice
- Negative socialization Correct Answer Unsupportive behaviors in nursing practice
- Phases of Nursing Correct Answer Novice Advanced beginner Competent Proficient Expert
- Five conceptualizations of caring Correct Answer Caring as human trait Caring as moral imperative Caring as affect Caring as interpersonal interaction Caring as therapeutic intervention
- What is the purpose for nurses to participate in professional organiza- tions? A.Links to other nurses in specific area of practice B. Creates sense of moral belonging, imperative C.To have regulation of professional nursing practice D. Boost ability to make ethical practice decision Correct Answer A.
Thinking back to analyze actions A retrospective analysis of action taken
- Different kinds of nursing knowledge Correct Answer Theoretical Practical Self Ethical
- Theoretical Correct Answer the info behind the practice. what you need to know BEFORE you apply the knowledge
- Practical Correct Answer how to apply (practice) what you know
- Self Correct Answer Your own beliefs, values, cultural or religious biases
- Ethical Correct Answer Knowledge of what is right or wrong
- Clinical judgement Correct Answer the conclusion or enlightened opinion at which a nurse arrives following a process of observation, reflection and analysis of observable or available information or data
- Dimensions of clinical judgment Correct Answer Noticing Interpreting Responding Reflecting
- The nursing process Correct Answer systematic thinking method to process information about specific client care situations
- Purpose of the nursing process Correct Answer to help the nurse provide goal-directed, client-centered care
- What are the phases of the nursing process Correct Answer Assessment- data gathering Diagnosis-identify clients health needs Planning outcomes-goals patient should achieve
Planning intervention-interventions to help client achieve stated goals Implementation-action phase when you carry out or delegate actions you previously planned Evaluation- judge whether your actions have successfully treated or prevented clients health problems
- Assessment Correct Answer systematic gathering of information related to physical, mental, spiritual, socioeconomic, and cultural status of an individual, group or community
- Subjective data Correct Answer What the patient conveys
- Objective data Correct Answer What the nurse sees, feels, hears
- Whats the difference between medical assessments and nursing assess- ments Correct Answer medical assessments focus on disease and pathology but nursing assess- ments focus on clients responses to illness
- Types of assessments Correct Answer Initial Ongoing
prevent, or treat independently
- Types of nursing diagnosis Correct Answer Actual Risk Possible Syndrome Wellness
- Typical components of nursing diagnosis Correct Answer Problem- client response Etiology-related or risk factors Defining characteristics- evidence problem exists or secondary to
- True or false Correct Answer readiness diagnoses don't have etiology Correct Answer True because it really isn't a problem
- How to choose a NANDA-1 label Correct Answer Look at identified data and determine (based on data) if there is a NEED or PROBLEM that needs to be addressed
Choose a NANDA label that applies to the problem
- How to write a quality statement from NANDA Correct Answer Do not rely on the label definition alone Include both problem and etiology Be sure that the etiology does not merely restate the problem Avoid using medical diagnoses and treatments as etiological factors
- Prioritizing problem Correct Answer Place problems in order of importance. Determined by the theoretical framework you use Correct Answer
- Maslow's
- ABC's
- ADPIE -Patient preference Does not mean that you must resolve one problem before attending to another
- High priority Correct Answer life threatening
- Medium priority Correct Answer Not a direct threat to life, but may cause destructive physical or emotional changes
- Low priority Correct Answer Requires minimal supportive nursing intervention
- Planning Outcomes Correct Answer Data help you formulate realistic goals and choose the interventions most likely to be acceptable to and effective for client' Planning can be formal or informal -Informal planning Correct Answer making mental notes or plans
- Initial planning Correct Answer Begins with first client contact Written as soon as soon as possible after initial assessment Development of the initial comprehensive care plan
Nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems Special discharge needs or teaching needs
- Goals Correct Answer describe the changes in client health status the patient hopes to achieve
- short term goals Correct Answer to be achieved within a few hours or days
- long term goals Correct Answer to be achieved over a longer period of time (week, month or more)
- Typical components of goals Correct Answer Subject Action Performance criteria Time Special Condition must be measurable
- How do goals relate to nursing diagnosis Correct Answer Expected outcomes (goals) derive directly from the nursing diagnosis For every nursing diagnosis, you must state one goal that, if achieved, would demonstrate resolution or improvement of the problem
- What are nursing interventions Correct Answer Purpose Correct Answer to achieve client outcomes Also called nursing actions, measures, strategies, activities Based on clinical judgement and nursing knowledge Reflect direct and indirect care
- How do i know what needs to be done to address a particular patient problem or need Correct Answer Professional standards
Theories Nursing research Evidence-based guidelines
- Steps in determining interventions Correct Answer 1. Review the nursing diagnosis
- Review the desired client outcomes
- Identify several interventions/actions
- Choose the best interventions for this client
- Individualize the standardized interventions
- Implementation Correct Answer The action phase of the nursing process
- Evaluation Correct Answer You assess client responses to interventions;client responses are data Clients progress towards goal Effectiveness of nursing care plan Quality of care in the healthcare setting
- Frequency/time of evaluation Correct Answer Ongoing- continuous every time nurse sees patient
