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(^) Question 1 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 2 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 3 0 out of 1 points
NURS 6501 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2025
REAL EXAM VERIFIED EXPERT
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When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low- density lipoproteins (LDLs) A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? Selected Answer: We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural space. A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Vomiting
(^) Question 9 (^) Question 4 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 5 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 6 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 7 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 8 0 out of 1 points Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what? Selected Answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have? Selected Answer: 40 to 60 beats/min Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Selected Answer: Active-acquired immunity In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best?
(^) Question 10 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 11 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 12 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 13 1 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Selected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. 1 out of 1 points
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
(^) Question 19 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 20 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 21 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 22 1 out of 1 points gastrointestinal symptoms. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Administer intravenous hydration. What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? Selected Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Selected Answer: Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by
the
Selected Answer: Facilitating the motility of the colon
(^) Question 27 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 28 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 29 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 30 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 31 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Selected Answer: Pulmonary artery A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system? Selected Answer: Stiffening of the chest wall A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?
Selected Answer: Infection
(^) Question 40 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 36 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 37 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 38 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 39 1 out of 1 points Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? Selected Answer: Left ventricle A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Pulmonary edema A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient? Selected Answer: Cancer is locally invasive.
(^) Question 45 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 46 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 47 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 48 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 49 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood. Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Selected Answer: Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment
(^) Question 50 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 51 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 52 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 53 0 out of 1 points finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with this reading? Selected Answer: Pink, frothy sputum A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure. What are blood pressure variations associated with? Selected Answer: The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? Selected Different routes allow the speed of onset of the antigen to
(^) Question 58 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 54 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 55 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 56 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 57 0 out of 1 points Answer: with the intravenous route being the fastest. A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? Selected Answer: Increase in afterload People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivity The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Ratio
(^) Question 59 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 60 0 out of 1 points (^) Question 61 1 out of 1 points (^) Question 62 0 out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selected Answer: Iodine A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Increase water intake. A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone is impaired. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? Selected Answer: Ischemia of the tubule A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a
