Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

NSG 530 Study Guide: Pathophysiology Quizzes & Final Exam, Quizzes of Pathophysiology

Teesside UniversityPathophysiology

This study guide provides a comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in pathophysiology, including cellular injury, inflammation, shock, and hypersensitivity reactions. It is designed to help students prepare for quizzes and exams in nsg 530, a course likely focused on nursing or healthcare.

Typology: Quizzes

2024/2025

Available from 02/11/2025

ExcelHub
ExcelHub 🇬🇧

870 documents

1 / 8

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
NSG 530 STUDY GUIDE PATHO QUIZZES 1-4
FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
"Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> accumulations of protein deposits"
"T/F: Neutrophils are the first white blood cell that respond to inflammation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"
"Which of the following types of cellular injury is most likely to lead to apoptosis instead of necrosis? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> decrease in survival signals"
"Which of the following is an effect following the influx of a high amount of calcium into the cell during
apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decrease in ATP production"
"In the signal transduction sequence for apoptosis, the expression of which of the following protein
mediators will inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival? Abnormal expression of this protein is also
found in several cancers. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Bcl-2"
"Which of the following is associated with counteracting the effects of aging through promotion of DNA
repair and protein homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decreased IGF signaling"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER=>
macrophages"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT
ANSWER=> antibodies and complement with protein deposition"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Acute respiratory distress syndrome -
CORRECT ANSWER=> neutrophil"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER=>
cytokines"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER=> IgE
antibodies"
"Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Acute transplant rejection - CORRECT
ANSWER=> lymphocytes, antibodies and complement"
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

Partial preview of the text

Download NSG 530 Study Guide: Pathophysiology Quizzes & Final Exam and more Quizzes Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

NSG 530 STUDY GUIDE PATHO QUIZZES 1-

FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH

100% CORRECT ANSWERS

"Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> accumulations of protein deposits" "T/F: Neutrophils are the first white blood cell that respond to inflammation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "Which of the following types of cellular injury is most likely to lead to apoptosis instead of necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decrease in survival signals" "Which of the following is an effect following the influx of a high amount of calcium into the cell during apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decrease in ATP production" "In the signal transduction sequence for apoptosis, the expression of which of the following protein mediators will inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival? Abnormal expression of this protein is also found in several cancers. - CORRECT ANSWER=> Bcl-2" "Which of the following is associated with counteracting the effects of aging through promotion of DNA repair and protein homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decreased IGF signaling" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Atherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER=> macrophages" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER=> antibodies and complement with protein deposition" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Acute respiratory distress syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER=> neutrophil" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER=> cytokines" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER=> IgE antibodies" "Match each disorder with the cell or molecule involved in injury: Acute transplant rejection - CORRECT ANSWER=> lymphocytes, antibodies and complement"

"Which of the following proteins is expressed by the endothelium to promote leukocyte rolling? - CORRECT ANSWER=> P and E selectins" "A 33 year old alcoholic develops severe abdominal pain. She is admitted to the emergency room, where a CT scan shows severe inflammation around the pancreas. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made. Which of the following types of necrosis is most likely to be present by the pancreas? - CORRECT ANSWER=> fat necrosis" "A 44 year old man develops a severe bacterial infection. Activation of neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells, and the complement cascade occurs, and the patient develops septic shock. Which of the following interleukins is a director mediator of vasodilation, increased endothelial permeability, and decreased perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER=> IL-6" "A 66 year old man develops severe dementia over a short period of time. He later dies earlier than expected, and an autopsy is performed. Senile plaques are seen in many neurons, and upon deeper examination, there are numerous misfolded proteins that have rapidly accumulated in the brain. What category of disease did this patient have? - CORRECT ANSWER=> amyloidosis" "A 31 year old man falls off a ski lift and experiences some cuts and bruises. There is minor bleeding from one of the wounds that quickly stops. Which of the following best summarizes the earliest changes that occur in the body in response to damage to the vascular endothelium? - CORRECT ANSWER=> vasoconstriction (slide 5)" "Which of the following patients has the highest risk of thrombosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> a 72 year old man with prostate cancer, atrial fibrillation and recent major surgery (slide 13)" "A patient involved in a motor vehicle collision is rushed to the hospital. Pressure is held on an area of bleeding from his thigh, and he undergoes emergency surgery to repair the damaged artery. Smaller wounds in the area have already stopped bleeding, presumably due to the direct action of thrombin upon which of the following molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER=> fibrinogen" "T/F: Innate immunity provides the initial response to a bacterial invasion over the first 12 hours of infection. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "A 68 year old man with a history of myocardial infarction develops progressive edema in his lower extremities. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure is made. Which of the following changes is most likely responsible for his swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER=> increased capillary hydrostatic pressure" "Which of the following helper T cells plays an important role in the development of allergies but also in combating parasitic infections? - CORRECT ANSWER=> TH2 cells" "Match the patient with the most likely type of shock: severe arrhythmia to rapid beating of the ventricles in a disorganized manner - CORRECT ANSWER=> cardiogenic shock"

ventricular muscle ischemia. Which of the following types of shock is most likely in this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER=> cardiogenic shock (slide 17)" "A 33 year old woman with Goodpasture syndrome has been on dialysis for several years. She is finally matched with a donor and undergoes a kidney transplant. The surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen, implants the kidney into the pelvis, and connects it to the common iliac artery and vein. He removes the clamps and blood immediately starts to circulate within the kidney. Within a few minutes, the transplanted kidney turns black and flaccid. He evaluates the venous circulation and notes almost no blood coming back from the kidney. Which form of transplant rejection has occurred in this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER=> hyperacute rejection" "Match the cell type with its function in the immune system: these cells kill other cells that are infected by some microbes or are stressed and damaged beyond repair. These cells recognize MHC molecules that are normally expressed on healthy cells and are thus prevented from killing healthy, normal cells. - CORRECT ANSWER=> NK cells" "Match the cell type with its function in the immune system: These cells capture microbes and other antigens, transport them to lymphoid organs, and display them for recognition by lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER=> Dendritic cells" "Match the cell type with its function in the immune system: These cells express TCRs that recognize peptide antigens displayed by MHC. molecules on the surface of APCs - CORRECT ANSWER=> T cells" "Match the cell type with its function in the immune system: These cells express membrane-bound antibodies that recognize a wide variety of antigens. These cells become activated to become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER=> B cells" "A 66 year old man develops severe dementia over a short period of time. He later dies earlier than expected, and an autopsy is performed. Senile plaques are seen and there are numerous misfolded proteins that have rapidly accumulated in the brain. What category of disease did this patient have? - CORRECT ANSWER=> amyloidosis" "A 58 year old man with a history of myocardial infarction develops progressive edema in his lower extremities. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure is made. Which of the following is true for his swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER=> increased capillary hydrostatic pressure" "T/F: Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "T/F: Cholecystitis is most commonly due to cholesterol stones leading to a blockage in the gallbladder, subsequently causing inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "T/F: Crohn's disease is associated with the formation of fistulas in the small bowel. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T"

"A patient is admitted to the ICU after a severe bacterial infection. Labs find a pH of 7.2 and a HCO3- of only 18. What is the diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> metabolic acidosis" "What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? - CORRECT ANSWER=> E.coli" "A 46 year old woman with chronic kidney disease develops significant anemia. What is this due to? - CORRECT ANSWER=> decreased erythropoietin production" "A 46 year old woman develops progressive kidney disease. Urinalysis reveals proteinuria. The patient has developed severe edema. What is her condition called? - CORRECT ANSWER=> nephrotic syndrome" "A 16 year old teenager with a history of IV drug abuse is diagnosed with hepatitis. He is at increased risk of chronic hepatitis and liver cancer. What is the most likely causative agent? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Hepatitis C" "A 54 year old alcoholic is admitted to the hospital for severe illness. He is diagnosed with cirrhosis. Which of the following is a key finding of severe liver disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> encephalopathy" "Which of the following genes is associated with the development of colon cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER=> APC" "Which of the following findings is associated with Crohn disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> skip lesions" "A 37 year old international traveler develops profuse watery diarrhea after traveling to India. Fecal-oral transmission is suspected. What is the most likely agent responsible for this? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Cholera" "Which of the following is an infectious agent associated with the development of gastritis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> H. pylori" "What is the final common pathway for acute pancreatitis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> premature activation of pancreatic enzymes" "Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the damage that occurs to the stomach from GERD, gastritis, and infection by H. pylori? - CORRECT ANSWER=> loss of the mucus barrier" "Match the electrolyte disorder with its description.

  1. Excess fluid loss leading to weakness, convulsions, and eventually coma.
  2. Kidney stones due to hyperparathyroidism.
  3. Lack of salt intake leading to confusion and seizures. 4.Cardiac arrhythmias due to excess vomiting and heavy perspiration - CORRECT ANSWER=> 1. hypernatremia
  4. hypercalcemia
  5. hyponatremia

"A 67 year old patient on no medications goes to his primary care physician for a checkup. She notes that the patient has developed worsening high blood pressure. The doctor prescribes the patient medications to lower his blood pressure. The patient asks the doctor, "What is my diagnosis?". What is the most common cause of high blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Essential hypertension (slide 9)" "Which of the following is the most common type of congenital cardiac malformation? - CORRECT ANSWER=> ventricular septal defect (slide 27)" "T/F: The pathophysiologic changes in asthma are characterized by increased mucus production and numerous macrophages within the lung. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T (slide17)" "Which of the following best summarizes the equation for blood pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER=> blood pressure = cardiac output x peripheral resistance (slide 6)" “Which of the following arachidonic acid metabolites leads to bronchospasm and increased vascular permeability? - CORRECT ANSWER=> LTC4" "A 55 year old man experiences a heart attack. Despite aggressive life saving techniques, the patient dies. An autopsy is performed, which shows the following image. What type of necrosis is mostly likely to have occurred in the ventricular muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER=> coagulative necrosis" "Significant stress is put upon a particular tissue in the body. During this period of stress, small blood vessels going to the tissue become clogged and there is relative ischemia to the tissue. Which of the following cellular adaptations to this stress is most likely to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER=> atrophy" "Which of the following is the earliest changes during inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER=> vasodilation" "T/F: C3a and C5a are anaphylatoxins made by the liver. They play an important role in plasma protein- derived mediators of inflammation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "T/F: Nitric oxide is a gas produced by macrophages and endothelial cells that is an important cell- derived mediator of inflammation. It also leads to vasodilation. - CORRECT ANSWER=> T" "A 71 year old man dies suddenly in the middle of the night. An autopsy is performed and the following is seen on a cross section of the brain. A large stroke is suspected. Which of the following types of necrosis is most likely to be present? - CORRECT ANSWER=> liquefactive necrosis" "Which of the following is present in a cell undergoing apoptosis that is not present in a cell undergoing necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> chromatin condensation" "A cell is being programmed for apoptosis after experiencing severe stress. Which of the following receptors or ligands is an important mediator for apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> The Fas receptor"

"A 72 year old man with H. pylori infection of the stomach develops significant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). He has significant acid reflux into the lower esophagus, leading to the conversion of one type of epithelium to another in response to the stress. This is known as what type of response to stress? - CORRECT ANSWER=> metaplasia" "Which of the following diseases is associated with a defect in hexosaminidase, leading to an accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in neurons? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Tay-Sachs disease"