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NHA CCMA EXAM REVIEW Questions &
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Chief complaint ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The reason why the patient came to see the physician history of present illness ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : explanation of the CC to determine the onset of the illness. Past, family, and social history (PFSH) ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Summary of personal and family health problems, as well as social to include marital status, occupation, use of drugs, etc. Body Proccesses necessary for life ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Body temp, respiration, heart function Vital Signs of body function ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure Febrile ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Presence of fever
Afebrile ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Absence of fever Intermittent fever ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline Remittent fever ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Fluctuating, remains elevated and does not return to baseline Continuous fever ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : A fever that remains constant; it does not fluctuate. Axillary temp ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Least accurate; taken under the arm Tympanic temp ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Useful for children; taken in the ear Rectal temp ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Taken in the rectum; most effective
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : difficulty breathing when lying down Systole ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The highest amount of pressure exerted during the cardiac cycle Hypoventilation ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Decreased amount of air enters the lungs, resulting in decreased oxygen levels Hyperpnea ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing Hyperventilation ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Increased amount of air entering the lungs Diastole ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The lowest amount of pressure exerted during the cardiac cycle Palpatation ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The sense of touch to determine the characteristics of an organ system Percussion
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Tapping or striking the body to determine the position, size, and density of the underlying organ/tissue Auscultation ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Listening to sounds produced by internal organs Horizontal recumbent position ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : This patient position is used for most physical exams. The patient lies on his/her back with legs extended. Dorsal recumbent position ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : patient lies on back with knees flexed and soles of the feet flat on the bed Fowler's position ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees Dorsal Lithotomy Position ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : patient lies on back with knees flexed, legs seperated and thighs are acutely flexed. feet are usually in stirrups, Prone position ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Patient lies on abdomen with head turned to the side
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Agent, Modes of Transmission, Susceptible Hosts Agents ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups namely: viruses,bacteria,fungi,and parasites. portal of exit ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The method by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir 5 modes of transportation ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector borne, contact (direct or indirect) Susceptible host ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Not Resistant or Immune medical asepsis ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body Disinfection ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Use of various chemicals that can be used to destroy many pathogenic microorganisms
1:10 solution ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : most readily available and least expensive disenfectant surgical asepsis ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : All microbial life, pathogen, and non pathogens are destroyed before an invasive procedure is performed Gas Sterilization ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : often used for wheelchairs and hospital beds dry heat sterilization ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Requires higher temperature that steam sterilization but longer exposure times Chemical sterilization ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Use of the same chemical used for chemical disinfection steam sterilization (autoclave) ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : uses steam under pressure to obtain higher temperature (250-254F) with exposure time of 20-40 minutes Hand washing ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Most important means of preventing the spread of infection
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : sublingual (under the tongue) IV ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : intravenous IM ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : intramuscular SQ ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : subcutaneous QD ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : every day BID ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : twice a day TID ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : three times a day QID ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : four times a day
PC
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : after meals / not on empty stomach QHS ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : every night PRN ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : as needed Heart location ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : in the thoracic cavity between the lungs just behind the sternum Upper chambers of the heart ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : right & left atria (atrium-singular) Lower chambers of the heart ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : right and left ventricles Endocardium ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Inner layer of the heart
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : only veins that carry oxygenated blood Left ventricle ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : receives the oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta aorta ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Largest artery in the body Atrioventricular valves (AV) ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Tricuspid and mitral valve Tricuspid valve ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : between right atrium and right ventricle Mitral valve ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : located between the left atrium and left ventricle pulmonic valve ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk Aortic valve
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : between left ventricle and aorta Murmurs ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : caused by diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities S ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : first heart sound S ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : second heart sound autonomic nervous system ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems ANS ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : autonomic nervous system sympathetic nervous system ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Affect both the atria and ventricle by increasing the heart rate parasympathetic nervous system ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Affects the atria by decreasing the heart rate
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : primary pacemaker of the heart and has a normal firing rate of 60 - 100 bpm LEAD i ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : left arm positive, right arm negative Lead II ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Right arm positive, left arm negative Lead III ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Left leg is positive and left arm is negative Lead aVR ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative. Lead aVL ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative. Lead aVF ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : The left leg (or foot) is positive and the other limbs are negative V ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : 4 th intercostal space, right sternal border
V
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border V ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Between V 2 and V 4 V ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : 5 th intercostal space, left midclavicular line V ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : 5 th intercostal space, anterior axillary line V ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : 5 th intercostal space, midaxillary line Horizontal axis ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : represents time: 1 mm Vertical axis ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : measured in millivolts
๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : initial negative deflection R wave ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : initial positive deflection S wave ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : first negative deflection T wave ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization Wandering baseline ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : causes the baseline of the tracing to move up and down; due to interference with the signal Stress test ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : A noninvasive diagnostic procedure to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Ischemia ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Decrease in the amount amount of blood flow
Holter monitor ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : contains 5 electrodes attached to the patients trunk Code of ethics ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : standards of right and wrong Blood vessels ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, superior and inferior vena cava Tunica adventitia ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : outer connective tissue Tunica media ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Middle smooth layer Tunica intima ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : Inner endothelial layer Average blood amount for adult ๐ธ๐ธ๐ธ : 5 - 6 liters
