Neisseria: Microbiology Study Notes on Meningitis and Gonorrhea, Study notes of Microbiology

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NEISSERIA

Gram-ve cocci^ in^

pairs · aerobic meningitis gonorrheal · non sporulating

· non motile

· oxidase ve

NEISSERIA MENINGITIS

· Gram-ve

oval (^) or spherical

coci in

Paris with adjacent sides^ flattened

· non-motile

capsulated

* PATHOGENICTTY

cerebrospinal meningitis · meningococcal discase^ can^ be^ present as meningococcal (^) septicemia ·

meningococci

are strict (^) human (^) parasites inhabiting the^ nasopharynx

· infection is

usually (^) asymptomatic

• (^) MENINGITIS · The coccispread from^ nasopharynx to meningitis by^ travelling directly (^) along

the

prineural

sheath of olfactory nerve.

on

reaching

the CNS a suppurative lesion of^

meninges

is set

up involving the surface of^ spinal^

cord as well as base of Cortex

· case fatality very^ high · survivors may have sequale of (^) blindness (^) & deafness.

• (^) MENINGOLOCIEMIA feeling of discomfort

· present

as acute fever^ with^ chills ,

raise and prostation ↑

pinpoint red^ spots on^ skin

· chial rash^ occurs^ early in disease ·

meningococci can^

be isolated from^ the lesion · About 10 %

develop pneumonia

A few

develop fulimnant meningococcemia-fatal^ cord" characterised by-high

fewer

Menigococcal disease^

is (^) favoured shock by deficiency of the^ multisystem failure terminal (^) complement components

. (^) (3-89)

This is due to endotoxin

lipopolysaccharide released^ by (^) autolysis.

weak (^) hemolysis on^ blood^ aga Smooth (^9)

Rough type^

of colonies are formed

ii) (^) for meningococ

• Thayer Martin Muller-Hinton (^) starch casein hydrolysate blood

agai

choclate agar iii) (^) for

meningococcus

modified Thayer^

martin - with (^) vancomycin

colistin

my statin

&Biochemical

Reactions Catalase and onidas

positive i) (^) Liquid oxidase^ test^

• used for (^) isolation ofMeisseria from culture (^) by (^) plate method · When freshly (^) prepared 1 %^ neisseria^ colonies^ subcultures^ should^ be^ made

soln of^ oxidase reagent #^ grow purple immediately^ as

organism

dies is poured onculture media on

prolonged exposure

to (^) reagent. ii) paper strip^ method

Test is performed by

rubbing (^) - growth on a (^) - with^ oxidase

• deep^ purple

a loop carrying a (^) little

paper strip^ reagent

colour (^) appeals (Kovac's method)^ immediately

· Glucose

& maltose^ are^ utilised Acid is^ produced

but not

gas

* TREATMENT

· Intravenous (^) (IV) penicillin G Those who^ are^ hypersensitive to it^

• ampicillin ceftriaxone (^) / cefotaxime

• (^) VACLINES ① (^) polysaccharide vacine^ -^ not^ effective^ before^2 ups of^ age

they offer^3 yr protection^ but^ do^ not^ incluce herd (^) immunity They are^ either^ bivalent^

serogroup A,^ <

trivalent - A

, c (^) , w tetravalent (^) A , C,^ W^ , Y ② conjugate vactive-monovalent a -- (^) A

Tetravalent A

,

C , W , Y

NORRHDEAE

· Gram-re

co in^

pair

with adjacent sides concave (^) being typically kidney (^) shaped · non-motile · non-sporing ·

non-capsulated

They have^ pilli on^ their^ surface^ ,^ they^

facilitate adhesion of cocci

to mucosal (^) surface and

promote virulence^ by^ inhibiting phagocytosis

Eathogenicity

· The disease is

acquired by sexual^ contact · (^) The (^) first step

is adhesion of

gonoco

to urethral or mucosal surface.

· pilli

are involved in adhesion

· (^) The incubation period is^ 2-8^ days MEX

starts as acute^ withritis with^

mucopurulent discharge

containing gonococci in

large

numbers

Infection - > urethra - >

prostate -^ seminal

• (^) epididymis extende along reside · chronic urethritis (^) may (^) spread to pesiuvethral Tissues

causing

abscess (^) &

multiple discharging sinuses

WOMEN

intial infection involves wrethra and cervix

may spread^ till (^) fallopian tubes

Vagina

is (^) not (^) usually infected^ as-stratified^ squamous

epithelium

is resistant

to infection

by cocci^ & also (^) due to ph of (^) secretions.

• (^) other Infections · vulvovaginitis · salpin (^) git · PID (pelvic inflammatory^ disease) conjuctivitis blood invasion · gonococcal bacteremia

AB DIAGNOSIS

① specimen

• discharge

Y

are collectio

urettural swabs endocervical swabs

in women cervical swabs should also be taken

The meatus is^ cleared with

gauze

soaked in^ saline

sample is^ collected^ by platinum loop for^ culture

directly on^ slide^ for^ smear