NBDHE-Radiology LATEST 2025 VERSION.pdf, Exams of Nursing

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NBDHE-Radiology LATEST 202 4

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The lamina dura appears as a dense and ___ line that surrounds the tooth of a tooth a. radiopaque b. radiolucent a. radiopaque The alveolar crest appears radiopaque and is typically ___ to ___ mm below the CEJ 1.5-2mm The PDL appears ___ on a radiograph and is a thin line around the tooth Radiolucent What radiopacity is located posterior and inferior to the TMJ area? Mastoid process What radiopaque spine extends from the temporal bone anterior to the mastoid process? Styloid process What is the opening in the temporal bone located superior and anterior to the mastoid process (appears as a round/ovoid radiolucency)? External acoustic meatus

What is the radiopaque curved depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process on the superior border of the ramus? Coronoid notch What is the round/ovoid radiolucency entered within the ramus of the mandible? Mandibular foramen What is the dense radiopaque band that outlines the lower border of the mandible? Inferior border of the mandible What is the dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus? Internal oblique ridge What is the radiopaque area where the ramus joins the body of the mandible? Angle of the mandible What is the air space between the palate and the tongue? Palatoglossal air space

What is the air space in the pharynx that is located posterior to the cavity? Nasopharyngeal air space Labeled #2 on image What is the air space in the pharynx that is located posterior to the tongue and the oral cavity? Glossopharyngeal air space The x-ray was discovered by? Wilhelm Roentgen

Which descries scatter radiation? a. radiation that exits the tubehead b. radiation that is more penetrating than primary radiation c. radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter d. none of the above c. radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter In dental imaging, the quality of the x-ray beam is controlled by: a. kilovoltage b. mA c. exposure time d. source-to-receptor distance a. kilovoltage Increasing mA results in an increase in: a. temperature of filament b. mean energy of the beam c. number of x-rays produced d. both a and c d. both a and c The overall blackness or darkness of an image is termed: a. contrast b. density c. overexposure d. polychromatic

b. density If the target-receptor distance is doubled, the resultant beam will be: a. four times as intense b. twice as intense c. half as intense d. one-fourth as intense d. one-fourth as intense The latent period in radiation biology is the time between: a. initial injury and repair b. subsequent doses of radiation c. cell rest and cell mitosis d. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms d. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury? a. total dose b. dose rate c. cell sensitivity d. age e. all of the above e. all of the above

b. removes low-energy x-rays The dental radiographer can regulate the x-ray beam (kV, mA, time) through the use of the: a. control panel b. extension arm c. console d. PID a. control panel One advantage of a film with an emulsion coating on both sides (double- emulsion film) is that: a. the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image b. the image produced is less distorted c. the film has less sensitivity to radiation d. processing solutions are absorbed more easily a. the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image The intensifying screen that emits green light and must be used with green-sensitive film is termed: a. calcium tungstate b. rare earth c. phosphor d. rare tungstate b. rare earth

A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have: a. high contrast b. low contrast c. high density d. low density b. low contrast The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the ___ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer brings out the ___ tones on a dental radiograph. a. black; white b. white; black c. gray; gray d. white; gray e. black; gray e. black; gray A universal safelight filter such as the GBX-2 by Carestream Health is recommended for: a. intraoral films only b. extra oral films only c. extra oral non-screen films only d. intraoral and extra oral films d. intraoral and extra oral films

What is the radiopaque look-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area? Hamulus What is the radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region? Maxillary tuberosity What is the J- or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region? Zygomatic process of the maxilla What is the a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla? Zygoma What are the ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors?

Genial tubercles What is the small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors? Lingual foramen What are the vertical radiolucent lines readily seen in areas of thin bone? Nutrient canals What is the thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the region the incisor region? Mental ridge What is the radiolucent area above the mental ridge? Mental fossa What is the small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars? Mental foramen What is the radiolucent band outline by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal? Mandibular canal

What is the thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors? Median palatal suture What is the radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors? Lateral fossa What is the large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors? Nasal cavity What is the vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae? Nasal septum What is the dense radiopaque band of bone above the maxillary incisors? Floor of the nasal cavity What is the v-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum? Anterior nasal spine What is the diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity?

Inferior nasal conchae What is the radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars? Maxillary sinus When using the bisecting angle technique, the central ray is directed ___ to the imaginary bisector. Perpendicular Parallel technique is also known as? Extension cone paralleling technique (XCP) or right-angle technique Basic principles of paralleling technique Receptor is placed parallel to long axis of tooth Central ray of x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to film and long axis of the tooth BID must be used to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth Object-receptor and target-receptor distance is increased What technique is used where an imaginary plane bisects the angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth?*** Bisecting-angle technique Basic princess of bisecting-angle technique

b. mandibular occlusal projections Vertical angulations for occlusal projections Maxillary:

• topographic +
• lateral and pediatric + Mandibular:
• topographic and pediatric - 55
• cross-sectional 90 What is the buccal object rule?*** 2 radiographs at different angulations 1 with proper angulation/technique 2nd with different angulation Object seen in 2nd image moves in same direction as shift of PID, object in question positioned lingual Object seen in 2nd image moves in opposite direction as shift of PID, object in question positioned buccal SLOB rule:
• same=lingual
• opposite=buccal

What is the right angle technique?*** Localization technique One PA receptor is used with proper angulation

• shows position of object in superior-inferior and anterior-posterior relationship Occlusal receptor is used, images compare to find object in 3D Primarily used in mandible Which of these localization techniques are used for the mandible?*** a. buccal object rule b. right-angle technique b. right-angle technique
• primarily used in mandible What is an overexposed receptor and what causes it? Image is dark or high in density Caused by receptor exposed to too much radiation What is an underexposed receptor and what causes it?