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NAVTA AVA EXAM REVIEW 2024 /2025 | Actual Questions and Answers
Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
Proximal - ✔✔Nearer to the center of the body Oblique - ✔✔At an angle, pertaining to an angle Ventral - ✔✔Pertaining to the underside of a quadroped Dorsal - ✔✔Pertaining to the back area of a quadroped Superficial - ✔✔Situated near the surface of the body or a structure Lateral - ✔✔Denying a position farther from the median plane of the body structure Flexion - ✔✔The act of bending, such as a joint Recumbent - ✔✔Lying down Medial - ✔✔Denoting a position closer to the median Palme of the body or structure, on the side or towards the side away from the median plane. Supine - ✔✔Lying face up in dorsal recumbency Caudal - ✔✔Towards the tail Central - ✔✔Pertaining to it situated near the more proximal areas of the body or a structure
Adjacent - ✔✔Next to or close Prone - ✔✔Lying face down in ventral recumbency Peripheral - ✔✔Pertaining to or situated near the periphery, the outermost part or surface of an organ part Rostral - ✔✔Pertaining to the nose end of the body, or towards the nose Extension - ✔✔The act of straightening, such as a joint Palmar - ✔✔The caudal surface of the front foot. Distal - ✔✔Farther from the center of the body Cranial - ✔✔Pertaining to the cranium or head end of the body Plantar - ✔✔The caudal surface of the back foot Abdomin/o - ✔✔Abdomen Adren/o, adrenal- - ✔✔Adrenal gland Angi/o - ✔✔Vessel Arteri/o - ✔✔Artery
enter/o - - ✔✔Intestines Epididym/o - ✔✔Epididymis esophag/o - ✔✔esophagus gastr/o - ✔✔stomach gloss/o - ✔✔tongue hem/o, hemat/o - ✔✔blood hepat/o - ✔✔liver hyster/o - ✔✔uterus kerat/o - ✔✔cornea lapar/o - ✔✔abdomen lip/o - ✔✔fat lymph/o - ✔✔lymph mast/o, mamm/o - ✔✔mammary glands mening/o - ✔✔Meninges
metr/o - ✔✔uterus Muscular/o, my/o, myos/o - ✔✔Muscle myel/o - ✔✔bone marrow nephr/o - ✔✔kidney neur/o - ✔✔Nerve ocul/o - ✔✔Eye odont/o - ✔✔tooth onych/o - ✔✔claw, hoof ophthalm/o - ✔✔eye orchi/o, orchid/o - ✔✔Testes oste/o - ✔✔bone ot/o - ✔✔Ear peritone/o - ✔✔peritoneum phleb/o - ✔✔vein
vagin/o - ✔✔vagina ven/o - ✔✔Vein ventricul/o - ✔✔ventricle vertebr/o - ✔✔Vertebra vulv/o - ✔✔Vulva
- ectomy - ✔✔surgical removal
- tomy - ✔✔incision
- stomy - ✔✔new opening
- rrhaphy - ✔✔surgical suturing
- pexy - ✔✔surgical fixation
- plasty - ✔✔surgical repair or reconstruction
- centesis - ✔✔surgical puncture
- iasis - ✔✔abnormal condition
- ism - ✔✔condition
- itis - ✔✔inflammation
- oma - ✔✔tumor
- osis - ✔✔abnormal condition a-, an- - ✔✔without anti- - ✔✔against brady- - ✔✔slow contra- - ✔✔against, opposite de- - ✔✔remove, take away, loss of dys- - ✔✔difficult, troubled Hyper- - ✔✔High, excessive Hypo- - ✔✔Low, insufficient Mal- - ✔✔Bad, poor Poly- - ✔✔Many, much py/o- - ✔✔Pus
What is the plural for - inx? - ✔✔-inges BID - ✔✔Twice a day Cc - ✔✔Cubic centimeters Disp - ✔✔Dispense G - ✔✔Gram Gm - ✔✔Gram Gr - ✔✔Grain H - ✔✔Hour Ib - ✔✔Pound Mg - ✔✔Milligram Ml - ✔✔Milliliter Od - ✔✔Right eye Os - ✔✔Left eye Po - ✔✔By mouth
Prn - ✔✔As needed Q - ✔✔Every Q8h - ✔✔Every 8 hours Qd - ✔✔Every day Qid - ✔✔Four times a day Qod - ✔✔Every other day Sid - ✔✔Once a day Stat - ✔✔Immediately Tid - ✔✔Three times a day tsp - ✔✔teaspoon What must a veterinarian revive to prescribe controlled substances? - ✔✔A DEA certification What level of a controlled substance can vets not subscribe? - ✔✔CI What is a normal temperature range for a dog? - ✔✔99.5-102.2 degrees Fahrenheit What is the normal temperature range for a cat? - ✔✔100.4- 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit
What does the blue tube have? - ✔✔Sodium carbonate What does the green tube have? - ✔✔Heprin What does the purple tube have? - ✔✔EDTA What does the tiger top tube do? - ✔✔It seperates serum What does OSHA do? - ✔✔The create and enforce safety-related standards in the workplace What does the OHSP do? - ✔✔Protects employees who work with animals. What do needle holders do? - ✔✔Grasp and manipulate needles. What do tissue forceps do? - ✔✔They clamp and hold tissue and blood vessels. What do hemostatic forceps do? - ✔✔Clamp blood vessels. What do retractors do? - ✔✔Retract tissue and improve exposure. How long should medical records be kept? - ✔✔7 years How often should a client be reminded to make payments on late bills? - ✔✔30,60, and 90 days. What's the difference between laws and ethics? - ✔✔Laws are enforceable, ethics are not. What is the most common way to organize medical files? - ✔✔Alphabetically
A dog escaped from a tech and was hit by a car. Who is legally responsible. - ✔✔The veterinarian Who wins the original copies of medical files? - ✔✔The clinic. Biohazard - ✔✔ Food and plants to avoid giving to animals - ✔✔Chocolate, grapes, avocado, alcohol, onion, garlic, coffee/tea, human food, raisins, milk Common cleaning agents in vet. office - ✔✔Bleach, antiseptic, disinfectants, deodorizers, antivirocides, antifungacides Autoclave: - ✔✔Applying heat and pressure to sterilize Types of sterilization: - ✔✔Cleaning, sterilizing, disinfecting, and antiseptics Types of chemicals used to clean: - ✔✔Alcohols, Aldehydes, Chlorine, Iodine, Ammonias SDS: - ✔✔Safety Data Sheet; Lists use, ingredients, how to store, and all of the chemicals in the clinic Nosocomial Infection: - ✔✔An infection or disease that is acquired at a hospital Zoonotic Infection: - ✔✔A disease or infection that can be passed from animals to humans Examples of zoonotic diseases: - ✔✔Ringworm, Scabies, Rabies, etc. Clostridial Infection: - ✔✔An infection caused by the Clostridial bacteria; Example: Tetanus
Oral - ✔✔In the mouth Common Venipuncture Sites: - ✔✔Cephalic: forearm Jugular: neck Femoral/Saphenous: inner thigh Types of specimen collection: - ✔✔Urine, Fecal, Blood, Venous Normal Capillary Refill Time: - ✔✔ 1 - 2 Seconds Types of positioning: - ✔✔Lateral and Dorsal Recumbency Pulse Oximetry: - ✔✔Tool that measures the oxygen levels in blood during surgery Dressing Uses: - ✔✔Used to keep the wound or surgical site clean Gestation of Canine (Dog): - ✔✔ 60 - 63 days Gestation of Bovine (Cow): - ✔✔283 days Gestation of Equine (Horse): - ✔✔11 months (330 days) Gestation of Porcine (Pig): - ✔✔3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days (114 days) Gestation of Feline (Cat): - ✔✔ 60 - 63 days Gestation of rabbit: - ✔✔ 28 - 30 days
Catheterization sites: - ✔✔Cephalic, Jugular, and Urinary Catheter Gestation: - ✔✔Length of pregnancy Normal vital signs of a dog: - ✔✔Temperature: 101.5-102. Respiration Rate: 10-30 BPM Heart Rate: 70-120 BPM Normal vital signs of a cat: - ✔✔Temperature: 101.5- 102 Respiration Rate: 20-30 BPM Heart Rate: 110-130 BPM Normal vital signs of a horse: - ✔✔Temperature: 100 Respiration Rate: 8-16 BPM Heart Rate: 30-60 BPM Normal vital signs of a bird: - ✔✔Temperature: 107 Respiration Rate: 15-30 BPM Heart Rate: 200-400 BPM Normal vital signs of a pig: - ✔✔Temperature: 101. Respiration Rate: 8-20 BPM Heart Rate:60-100 BPM Normal vital signs of a sheep: - ✔✔Temperature: 102- 103 Respiration Rate: 12-20 BPM Heart Rate: 60-90 BPM
prn: as needed RX: prescription Chemical Abbreviations: - ✔✔Ca: Calcium Zn: Zinc S: Sulfur Fe: Iron Mg: Magnesium P: Phosphorus K: Potassium NaCl: Sodium-Chloride (salt) Sepsis: - ✔✔Life threatening illness caused by the body's response to an infection (the infection has reached the bloodstream) Parasites: - ✔✔Can be internal (worms) or external (fleas, ticks, lice, mites) Otitis Media: - ✔✔Infection of the middle ear Otitis Externia: - ✔✔Infection of the ear canal Uroliths: - ✔✔Calcium build up in the urinary tract (males) or bladder stones Renal Failure: - ✔✔The kidney's inability to remove waste and balance fluids (kidney failure) 1st Degree Burn: - ✔✔Burns on the outer layer of skin 2nd Degree Burn: - ✔✔Burns that affect the outer layer and underlying layer of skin
3rd Degree Burn: - ✔✔Destruction of the skin and underlying tissue Hypoglycemia: - ✔✔Not enough glucose in the blood Hyperglycemia: - ✔✔Too much glucose in the blood Obesity: - ✔✔Overweight (determined by the height, age, and breed of an animal) Necrosis: - ✔✔Death of cells (dead tissue) Decubitus ulcer: - ✔✔An injury to skin and underlying tissue from prolonged inactivity; pressure point sores Ablation: - ✔✔Removal of a body part Laceration repair: - ✔✔Repairing a deep wound/cut Incision: - ✔✔A cut made during surgery with a scalpel to access the area being worked on Debridement: - ✔✔Removal of a foreign object or damaged tissue Degloving: - ✔✔The skin has been removed from a body part (A very severe injury) Onychectomy: - ✔✔Removal of a cat's digits (declawing) Celiotomy: - ✔✔A large incision through the abdominal wall
