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NASM CNC Final Exam Questions and
Answers Latest Update
When working with a client who has been complaining of low back pain that has been getting worse, what is the most appropriate recommendation? A. Refer her to a certified personal trainer. B. Tell her to use a heating pad when the pain gets bad. C. Refer her to a chiropractor. D. Recommend use of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. - Correct answer-C. Refer her to a chiropractor. With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Elite clients competing in a national Ironman B. Clients who want testing for vitamin deficiency C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain D. Clients trying an elimination diet to identify food sensitivities - Correct answer-C. Clients with inconsistent weight loss and gain According to the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach, which is an example of an appropriate resource for determining daily caloric intake? A. ADA calculations based on age, gender, and activity level B. Body type and cultural preferences C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans D. The Nutrition Coach cannot assist with daily caloric intake. - Correct answer-C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans During a regular meeting, a client is complaining of irregular gastrointestinal issues, ranging from diarrhea to constipation. What is the best course of action? A. Closely monitor his situation and re-evaluate during the next meeting. B. Evaluate his prescription medications to look for similar side effects. C. Advise him to eat more vegetables and drink more water. D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician. - Correct answer-D. Advise him to make an appointment with his personal physician.
A new client has just moved into the area. She states that she occasionally suffers from anxiety and panic attacks and needs to renew her prescription medications. To which healthcare professional should she be referred? A. Podiatrist
noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has never been able to maintain permanent weight loss and confides that she has made herself throw up after eating large meals. What is the best course of action? A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist. B. Tell her she has bulimia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist.
C. Tell her she may have anorexia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist. D. Move forward with the client sessions but monitor her closely for any more self- induced vomiting. - Correct answer-A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist With which client would it be most appropriate for the Nutrition Coach to work? A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K B. Client who wants nutrition therapy for cancer prevention C. Pre-pubescent teenager who is overweight D. Client who wants accountability during a 9-week extreme calorie-restricted diet - Correct answer-A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10K Which of the following can a Nutrition Coach provide? A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification B. Nutritional advice and behavioral counseling C. Nutritional advice and behavioral prognosis D. Nutritional advice and behavioral prescriptions - Correct answer-A. Nutritional advice and behavioral modification To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the content presented is perceived to be important and what other quality? A. Easy to understand B. Based on prior experience C. Delivered slowly D. Reviewed several times - Correct answer-B. Based on prior experience Any research article on diet and nutrition should be scrutinized for which of the following? A. Reliability and validity B. References and values C. Resources and volume D. Recall and verbiage - Correct answer-A. Reliability and validity To ensure the client is retaining any shared information, it is important that the
A. The health status of a client from sickness to wellness B. The many disciplines that make up the healthcare system C. The number of physician specialists that are in the healthcare system D. The type of alternative health practices that are legitimately recognized - Correct answer-B. The many disciplines that make up the healthcare system A new client is 6-weeks post-partum. She states that she has very little energy and feels sadness most of the time. What is the most appropriate course of action? A. Call 911. B. Contact her spouse to discuss options. C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. D. Closely monitor her situation. - Correct answer-C. Refer her to a clinical psychiatrist. Which statement is within the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach? A. Design a 5-day meal plan for a healthy client. B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. C. Recommend a diet that contains up to 50% protein. D. Provide general advice on a 3-day detox plan. - Correct answer-B. Recommend the client discuss supplement usage and dosing with their pharmacist or physician. Common assessments performed by a Nutrition Coach include height, weight, body composition, and what other test? A. Blood pressure B. Anthropometric measurements C. Hydrostatic weighing D. SCOFF test - Correct answer-B. Anthropometric measurements Where might a Nutrition Coach find reputable information on recent dietary guidelines? A. Popular magazines B. Government-funded agencies C. Private, for-profit supplement companies D. Celebrity blogs - Correct answer-B. Government-funded agencies
Clients often confide in the Nutrition Coach. Which client conversation would be grounds for a referral to a licensed healthcare professional? A. Slow weight loss of 1/2 pound per week (0. kg) B. Late-night ice cream binging C. Chronic fatigue D. Occasional sleeplessness - Correct answer-C. Chronic fatigue
Which term best describes this study design? A. Observational B. Crossover C. Parallel
D. Factorial - Correct answer-C. Parallel Which of the following is an example of descriptive research? A. Cohort study B. Survey C. Randomized controlled trial D. Meta-analysis - Correct answer-B. Survey Scientists perform a study comparing 1000 women with breast cancer to 1000 women without breast cancer. They gather information on the women's diets and look to see if the women diagnosed with breast cancer had more fat in their diet compared to the women who did not get cancer. Which term best describes this study? A. Cross-sectional study B. Case-control study C. Cohort study D. Survey - Correct answer-B. Case-control study Which term best describes formulation of a hypothesis, collecting data to test the hypothesis, and changing or discarding the hypothesis when the data does not support it? A. Evidence-based practice B. Primary research C. Science D. Scientific method - Correct answer-D. Scientific method Fructose has been shown in studies to have adverse effects on blood triglycerides when consumed in excess of calorie needs. However, moderate doses of fructose have been shown to have no effect. Which of the following items best describes the conclusion that should be drawn from this data? A. There is no reason to ever restrict fructose intake. B. Fructose should be limited in the diet as much as possible. C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if calorie intake is high. D. There is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions as to the impact of fructose intake on triglycerides. - Correct answer-C. Fructose intake poses no risk to triglycerides when consumed within energy needs, but caution is warranted if
Scientists perform a study tracking 10,000 people over a 10-year period. They look at their sugar intake at the beginning of the study and then see who develops diabetes over the study duration. Which term best describes this study? A. Survey B. Cross-sectional study C. Case-control study D. Cohort study - Correct answer-D. Cohort study Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this? A. Narrative review B. Observational research C. Randomized controlled trials D. Meta-analysis - Correct answer-D. Meta-analysis Scientists randomly assign subjects to a low or high carbohydrate group and then look at changes in body weight over 3 months. Which item represents the independent variable in this study? A. Length of study ( months) B. Body weight C. Diet type D. Subjects - Correct answer-C. Diet type A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, independent of its calorie content. If that proposal is true, then that would mean that high-sugar diets should increase fat gain independent of their calorie content. What term describes this potential consequence? A. Theory B. Hypothesi s C. Prediction D. Conclusion - Correct answer-C. Prediction Which observational study design allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association?
A. Case study B. Cross-sectional study C. Case-control study D. Cohort study - Correct answer-D. Cohort study
D. Position Stand - Correct answer-C. Academic Textbook Which term refers to a hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high quality evidence has been accumulated? A. Randomized controlled trial B. Prediction C. Scientific method
D. Theory - Correct answer-D. Theory Scientists randomly assign subjects to a low or high carbohydrate group and then look at changes in body weight over 3 months. Which item represents the independent variable in this study? A. Length of study ( months) B. Body weight C. Subjects D. Diet type - Correct answer-D. Diet type Scientists perform a study looking at the effects of caffeine on vertical jump performance. On one day, they give all the subjects caffeine followed by vertical jump tests. Two weeks later, they give all the subjects a placebo followed by the same vertical jump tests. Which term best describes this study design? A. Factorial B. Crossover C. Parallel D. Observational - Correct answer-B. Crossover Which term encompasses the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs? A. Primary research B. Science C. Scientific method D. Evidence-based practice - Correct answer-D. Evidence-based practice Which of the following represents the lowest level of evidence?
- Observational research
- Non-peer reviewed media
- Peer reviewed editorials and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trials - Correct answer-2. Non-peer reviewed media Which of the following represents a strength of observational studies? A. Can establish cause and effect B. Can determine mechanisms for effects C. Large subject numbers
A. Uncontrolled variable B. Generalizability C. Selection bias D. Recall bias - Correct answer-C. Selection bias Scientists find that a protein supplement increases lean mass in the elderly. However, they caution that the results may not apply to other populations, like younger people. What term best describes what the scientists are referring to? A. External validity B. Selection bias C. Test-retest reliability D. Reliability - Correct answer-A. External validity Seven studies show Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. Three studies show no difference. Assuming all the studies are equivalent in quality, which item best describes this situation? A. The weight of the evidence suggests Diet A is more effective for lowering cholesterol than Diet B, but more data is needed. B. There are insufficient studies to conclude that Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. C. It is unknown whether Diet A lowers cholesterol more than Diet B. D. The weight of the evidence suggests that Diet A and B are equivalent in their ability to lower cholesterol. - Correct answer-A. The weight of the evidence suggests Diet A is more effective for lowering cholesterol than Diet B, but more data is needed. Scientists gather 20 studies looking at the relationship between protein intake and lean body mass, and then they statistically analyze them together as a group. What type of study is this? A. Narrative review B. Meta- analysis C. Randomized controlled trials D. Observational research - Correct answer-B. Meta-analysis A scientist proposes that sugar is inherently fattening, and performs a study comparing a high-sugar diet to a low-sugar diet with equal calories. He finds that fat gain was the same between the diets. Which term describes how this study
effects the initial proposal? A. Falsification B. Scientific method C. Prediction D. Validity - Correct answer-A. Falsification
