Muscles and Functions: A Comprehensive List with Attachments | Slides Human Physiology

List of Muscles and Function

Region View Muscle Function

Facial Anterior/Oblique Occipitofrontalis front belly Raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi Closes eye

Orbicularis oris Purses lips

Zygomaticus minor/major Elevates & retracts lip and mouth

Buccinator Compresses cheeks

Depressor anguli oris Depress corner of mouth

Facial Lateral Masseter Elevate mandible/close jaw

Principle masticator

Temporalis Elevates jaw, masticator

Neck Anterior Platysma Depress mandible, tense neck

Sternocleidomastoid Flex neck together

Rotate head to opposite side alone

Anterior Omohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx

deep section

Sternohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx

Abdomen Anterior Rectus abdominis Vertebral flexion/compression

External oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp

deep section Internal oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp

deep section Transversus abdominis Compress abdomen

deep section Diaphragm Quiet respiration

Shoulder Posterior Trapezius Elev/depress/adduct/up.rotation

Girdle Serratus anterior Abduction, upward rotation

Rhomboid major/minor Adduction, downward rotation

Anterior deep section Pectoralis minor Abduction, downward rotation

Shoulder Posterior Latissimus dorsi Adduct, inward rotation, extension

Joint Teres major Adduct, inward rotation, extension

*Supraspinatus Abduction and stabilization

*Infraspinatus Adduction, outward rotation

*Teres minor Adduction, outward rotation

Anterior ribs removed *Subscapularis Adduction, inward rotation

*Above four comprise the Rotator Cuff

Anterior Pectoralis major Flexion, inward rotation,

Coracobrachialis Adduction, flexion

Biceps brachii Flexion

Triceps brachii long head Extension

Post/Lat/Ant Deltoid all fibers Abduct, ant. fibers in.rot/flex post. fibers outrot/flex

Elbow Joint Anterior Biceps brachii Flexion, supination of hand

Brachialis Flexion

Brachioradialis Flexion. Pro/supination to midpos.

Posterior Triceps brachii Extension

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List of Muscles and Function Region View Muscle Function Facial Anterior/Oblique Occipitofrontalis front belly Raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi Closes eye Orbicularis oris Purses lips Zygomaticus minor/major Elevates & retracts lip and mouth Buccinator Compresses cheeks Depressor anguli oris Depress corner of mouth Facial Lateral Masseter Elevate mandible/close jaw Principle masticator Temporalis Elevates jaw, masticator Neck Anterior Platysma Depress mandible, tense neck Sternocleidomastoid Flex neck together Rotate head to opposite side alone Anterior Omohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx deep section Sternohyoid Depress hyoid & larynx Abdomen Anterior Rectus abdominis Vertebral flexion/compression External oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp deep section Internal oblique Vertebral flexion/rotation/comp deep section Transversus abdominis Compress abdomen deep section Diaphragm Quiet respiration Shoulder Posterior Trapezius Elev/depress/adduct/up.rotation Girdle Serratus anterior Abduction, upward rotation Rhomboid major/minor Adduction, downward rotation Anterior deep section Pectoralis minor Abduction, downward rotation Shoulder Posterior Latissimus dorsi Adduct, inward rotation, extension Joint Teres major Adduct, inward rotation, extension *Supraspinatus Abduction and stabilization *Infraspinatus Adduction, outward rotation *Teres minor Adduction, outward rotation Anterior ribs removed *Subscapularis Adduction, inward rotation *Above four comprise the Rotator Cuff Anterior Pectoralis major Flexion, inward rotation, Coracobrachialis Adduction, flexion Biceps brachii Flexion Triceps brachii long head Extension Post/Lat/Ant Deltoid all fibers Abduct, ant. fibers in.rot/flex post. fibers outrot/flex Elbow Joint Anterior Biceps brachii Flexion, supination of hand Brachialis Flexion Brachioradialis Flexion. Pro/supination to midpos. Posterior Triceps brachii Extension

Region View Muscle Function Wrist & Hand Anterior Long Flexors Flexor carpi radialis Flexion of wrist and hand Palmaris longus Flexion of wrist and hand Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexion of wrist and hand Posterior Long Extensors Extensor carpi radialis long. Extension of wrist and hand Extensor digitorum Extension of wrist and hand Extensor carpi ulnaris Extension of wrist and hand Hip Joint Anterior Iliopsoas deep section Iliacus Flexion, outward rotation Psoas major Flexion, outward rotation Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris only Flexion Sartorius Flexion, outward rotation Medial Gracilis Adduction Pectineus Flexion, adduction Adductor longus Adduction, flexion Posterior Gluteus maximus Extension, lateral rotation Hamstrings Semitendinosus Extension Semimembranosus Extension Biceps femoris long head Extension Lateral Tensor fasciae latae Iliotibial tract Flexion, stabilizes knee Gluteus medius Abduction Knee Joint Anterior Quadriceps femoris Rectus femoris Extension Vastus lateralis Extension Vastus medialis Extension deep section Vastus intermedius Extension Posterior Hamstrings Semitendinosus Flexion Semimembranosus Flexion Biceps femoris both heads Flexion Sartorius Flexion Gracilis Flexion Gastrocmenius Flexion Ankle Joint Anterior Tibialis anterior Dorsiflexion Lateral Fibularis longus Eversion Posterior Gastrocnemius Plantarflexion Soleus Plantarflexion Be able to identify all of the above muscles on charts and models

Shoulder Joint Muscles Deltoid Origin: Acromion & spine of scapula, clavicle Insertion: Detloid tuberosity of humerus Action: Abducts, flexes, extends (horiz.) rotates (in. & out.) Supraspinatus Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: Top of greater tubercle of humerus Action: Abduction of shoulder joint <90°, prevents dislocation Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinus fossa of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Action: Outward rotation, extension (horiz), adduction Teres Minor Origin: Inferior lateral border of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus (w/ infraspinatus) Action: Outward rotation, extension (horiz), adduction Subscapularis Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action : Inward rotation ********** Above four muscles Rotator Cuff ********** Latissimus Dorsi Origin: T 7 -L 5 spinous processes, Post. iliac crest & sacrum, Insertion: Medial border of intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adduction, extension, inward rotation Pectoralis Major Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 2 - 6 Insertion: Lateral border of intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adduction, Extension Horizontal Flexion Teres Major Origin: Lateral border to inferior angle of scapula Insertion: Medial border of intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adduction, Inward rotation, Extension Elbow Joint Muscles Biceps Brachii Actions at 3 joints Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short Head: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity ** Display changes in length** Action: Flexes elbow, supinates hand, Flexes shoulder joint (Long Head)

Brachialis "Upper Arm Muscle" Origin: Inferior, anterior humerus Insertion: Below coronoid process on the tuberosity of ulna Action: Flexion of elbow (workhorse of flexors) Brachioradialis Origin: Lateral inferior humerus Inserton: Styloid process of radius Action: Elbow flexion (strongest at midposition) Pronation & Supination to midposition Triceps Brachii Origin: Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of humerus Lateral & Medial Head: Post humerus Insertion: Olecranon of unla Action: Elbow extension Extension of shoulder joint (long head) Muscles of Forearm of Wrist Long Flexors Origin: Anterior medial epicondyle of humerus Inserion: Palmar surface of wrist & hand Action: Flexion of wrist & fingers Long Extensors Origin: Posterior, lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Dorsal surface of wrist & hand Action: Extension of wrist & fingers Hip Joint Muscles Iliopsoas Origin: Iliac fossa, sides of bodies T 12 -L 5 vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Action: Flexion & outward rotation of hip joint Extension of lumbar vertebrae Gluteus Maximus Origin: Posterior ilum, sacrum & cocyx Insertion: Lateral femur Action: Flexion & outward rotation of hip joint Adductors Origin: Pubis Insertion: Medial & posterior femur Action: Adduction & outward rotation Hamstrings - Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus &Semitendinosus Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Biceps Femoris: Head of fibula & lateral tibia Semimembranosus &Semitendinosus: Medial tibia Action: Extension of hip & flexion of knee

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