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MORT3021W: 2025 Final Examination – Graded A with Model Answers ________ has the goal of sharing with someone a body of specialized information a) Informational counseling b) Situational counseling c) Supportive counseling d) None of the above - ANS A) Informational counseling _____________ do not understand the permanence of death a) Pre-adolescents b) Preschoolers c) Adolescents d) A and B e) A, B, C - ANS B) Preschoolers _______________ is a method of tying together several ideas and feelings at the end of a counseling session a) Perception checking b) Clarifying c) Leading d) Summarizing e) All of these accomplish this task - ANS D) Summarizing A crisis is _________ period of heightened psychological accessibility. It is a highly emotional state in which the individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, and pain impairs his or her ability to act a) A lengthy b) An incredibly long (usually 2-3 years) c) The temporary (4-6 weeks) d) Very short (usually 2-3 days) - ANS C) The temporary (4-6 weeks) A philosophy that suggests that death is unnatural is a characteristic of: a) Death acceptance b) Death defiance c) Death denial d) Death rejection - ANS C) Death denial A philosophy that suggests that in death nothing need be lost--that you can take it with you--is characteristic of: a) Death acceptance b) Death defiance c) Death denial d) Death rejection - ANS B) Death defiance A philosophy that views death as a natural part of the life cycle is characteristic of: a) Death acceptance
b) Death defiance c) Death denial d) Death rejection - ANS A) Death acceptance According to "A Tale of Two Funerals," Grace offered several possible service locations. Which of the following was not one of them? a) At the Episcopal church where their father's service was held b) At the chapel on the university campus where the deceased taught c) At an outdoor pavilion at the community gardens d) At her favorite bingo hall e) Grace offered all of these as possible service locations - ANS D) At her favorite bingo hall According to "A Tale of Two Funerals," Sam's arrangement led the family to: a) Choose direct cremation b) Have a private viewing c) Have no visitation d) Have only one hour of visitation before the service e) Have an evening visitation - ANS C) Have no visitation According to Kelly Baltzell, people who have a belief about what happens after death, or a belief in the afterlife, tend to cope with death _______ than people with no belief system a) Worse b) Better c) About the same as d) More naturally - ANS B) Better According to Manning, there's nothing more important to the funeral director than... a) A well-grounded understanding of the grieving process b) An understanding of funeral history c) Business management d) Good sales skills e) Having a connection with the community they serve - ANS A) A well-grounded understanding of the grieving process Active listening... a) Involves focus on and repeating keywords back to the client. This lets the client know that you heard and understand what was said in a shortened or alternative form b) Is observing the nonverbal cues s/he expresses, such as eye contact, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and being sensitive to tone, inflection, speed and intensity that alert the counselor if further exploration of the subjects might be necessary c) Is the process of getting a better understanding of something the client has said d) None of the above - ANS B) Is observing the nonverbal cues s/he expresses, such as eye contact, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and being sensitive to tone,
Carl Rogers's definition of counseling - ANS Good communication within and between men; or, good (free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic Children ages 13 to 18 (Adolescents) understand the meaning of death much like ____________. a) Children ages 9 to 12 b) Children 6-9 years old c) Adults d) A and B e) None of the above - ANS C) Adults Chronic grief - ANS Grieving that lasts for a prolonged period of time and does not seem to end or decrease in severity across time Chronic grief: a) Occurs when a person experiences symptoms and behavior which causes them difficulty but they do not recognize that these are related to the loss b) Occurs when the reactions to the loss are excessive and disabling c) Is a reaction that is prolonged, excessive in duration, and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion d) Is a reaction that does not occur in a normal timeframe but occurs at a later time - ANS C) Is a reaction that is prolonged, excessive in duration, and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion Counseling STYLES - ANS Directive and non-directive Counseling TYPES - ANS Informational, situational, psychotherapy, and crisis counseling Crisis counseling - ANS Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation. Death of a ____________ is marked by a loss of nurturing, guidance, and protection a) Spouse b) Parent c) Child d) Sibling - ANS B) Parent Death of a ____________ is, socially, the least acknowledged loss a) Spouse b) Parent c) Child d) Sibling - ANS D) Sibling
Death of a _____________ may create situations where the griever feels like a "fifth wheel" a) Spouse b) Parent c) Child d) Sibling - ANS A) Spouse Death of a ______________ is seen, socially, as the most "unnatural" death a) Spouse b) Parent c) Child d) Sibling - ANS C) Child Death-Related counseling - ANS Grief counseling, grief therapy Defense mechanisms - ANS An often unconscious process used to defend against anxiety Delayed grief - ANS Can occur unexpectedly some time after the death Delayed grief: a) Is a reaction that does not occur in a normal timeframe but occurs at a later time b) Is a reaction that is prolonged, excessive in duration, and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion c) Occurs when a person experiences symptoms and behavior which causes them difficulty but they do not recognize that these are related to the loss d) Occurs when the reactions to the loss are excessive and disabling - ANS A) Is a reaction that does not occur in a normal timeframe but occurs at a later time Denial - ANS Being unable or refusing the see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self Directive counseling - ANS Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggested courses of action, etc. Directive counseling is: a) When the counselor assumes the initiative and carries a major role in the education and resolution of problems b) Also called client centered or person centered c) Where the counselor is basically telling the client what to do d) A and C e) None of the above - ANS D) A and C disenfranchised grief - ANS The relationship is not recognized, the loss is not recognized, or the griever is not recognized
a) The amounting type of support a griever has is not correlated with her/his adjustment to the death b) The more positive support a griever has, the more positive her/his adjustment to the death will be c) The support a griever is given only positively impacts her/his adjustment to the death if the support comes from a family member d) Support of a griever is not necessary e) None of the above - ANS B) The more positive support a griever has, the more positive her/his adjustment to the death will be Factors affecting grief - ANS -Who the person was -Nature of attachment -How the person died -Who the griever is Families sometimes erroneously believe that each member's grief will be ___________ because they have experienced the death of a significant person within the family system a) similar to others b) different from one another c) unique from d) none of the above - ANS A) similar to others Funeral counseling types - ANS Preneed, at-need, aftercare George Bonanno - ANS Resilience Goals of infant arrangements - ANS -Establish the significance of the loss -Establish the significance of the infant -Establish the social significance of the infant Grief - ANS An emotion or set of emotions due to loss Grief counseling - ANS Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time Grief counseling is: a) Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions b) Helping people facilitate grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable timeframe c) General counseling d) Most often facilitated by a psychiatrist and involves the use of drug therapy - ANS B) Helping people facilitate grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable timeframe
Grief therapy - ANS Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions Helping characteristics - ANS -Genuineness -Warmth and Caring -Respect -Empathy Helping skills - ANS Paraphrasing, clarifying, perception-checking, leading, questioning Hill and O'Brien's three-stage model for helping and Wolfelt's phases in a healthy relationship fit together to form and effective matrix for helping clients. The three stages of this matrix, in order, include... a) Action stage, exploration stage, insight stage b) Exploration stage, insight stage, action stage c) Funeral stage, after a funeral stage, resolution stage d) Understand of feelings stage, understanding of death stage, understanding of grief stage e) Supportive stage, dynamic stage, helping stage - ANS B) Exploration stage, insight stage, action stage How do funeral directors notify the SSA that the death has occurred? - ANS By filing the death certificate How does Wolfelt define sympathy? a) Feeling pity for someone else; "feeling sorry" for someone else b) Taking on the griever's feelings for them, as in saying, "I know just how you feel" c) Trying to understand and feel the other person's experience from the inside out; "feeling with" someone else d) These are all definitions that Wolfelt uses for sympathy - ANS B) Taking on the griever's feelings for them, as in saying, "I know just how you feel" In the components of the communication process, the channel is: a) The one who encodes and delivers the message b) The one who receives and decodes the message c) Forces that interfere with the communication process d) The medium through which the message passes from sender to receiver e) None of these - ANS D) The medium through which the message passes from sender to receiver In the second phase of helping skill development, the companioned may likely feel: a) Confident in her use of skills b) Like she is constantly concentrating on communication behaviors when speaking c) Mechanical and "fake" in her use of skills d) Natural and comfortable in her use of skills
e) Sadness, anger - ANS A) Anger, grief or fear Merle Ohlsen's definition of counseling - ANS A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is treatment for emotionally disturbed persons who seek, or are referred for, assistance with pathological problems. A counselor's clients are encouraged to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic or characterological disorders Mourning - ANS The outward expression of grief Non-directive counseling - ANS Counselor takes a more passive role, reflecting back client's own reactions and feelings. Also called client-centered or person-centered. Developed by Carl Rogers. Of the five types of communication, intrapersonal communication is: a) Communication between individuals b) Communicating with oneself c) Communication among three or more people connected by a common purpose d) Communications with one speaker and limited verbal feedback from a group of listeners e) None of these - ANS B) Communicating with oneself Of the functions of communication, an example of communication that fills a social need is: a) Communication that is necessary to order food at a drive-through window b) Communication that helps us develop a sense of self c) Communication that helps us connect with others d) Communication that reduces our risk of an early death due to isolation e) None of these - ANS C) Communication that helps us connect with others People in crisis tend to ___________ significant other at a time when positive interpersonal relationships help resolve the crisis a) Pull away from b) Move toward c) Crave the attention of d) B and C e) None of the above - ANS A) Pull away from Phyllis Silverman - ANS Continuing bonds Physical concerns of infant arrangements - ANS -Embalming -Delicate skin Preneed counseling - ANS The counseling that occurs before death. (May be either working with anticipatory grief issues or simply informing about pre-planning options)
Projection - ANS Attribution of one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else Psychotherapy - ANS Therapy with people whose needs are so specific they can usually only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists Rationalization - ANS Supplying a logical, acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action Regression - ANS Returning to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping Repression - ANS Blocking threatening material from consciousness Robert Neimeyer - ANS Meaning-making Sigmund Freud - ANS Mourning and melancholia Silence during a conversation... a) Is seldom necessary since it causes a lot of discomfort for both the client and the funeral director b) Gives the client the impression that the funeral director is not listening to what the client is saying c) Is inappropriate and awkward for clients d) Gives the client time to reflect and to be aware of feelings - ANS D) Gives the client time to reflect and to be aware of feelings Sincerity is... a) Having a real interest in people and their problems b) Being of sound moral principles, upright, and honest c) The ability to receive accurately the feelings of your client d) The counselor's approachability and willingness to be open, considerate, and friendly with clients e) The ability to present oneself with authenticity - ANS A) Having a real interest in people and their problems Situational counseling - ANS Counseling related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering Social concerns of infant arrangements - ANS -Isolation -Unclear social expectations Social security checks are always paid... - ANS For the previous month Sublimination - ANS Redirection or emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes Summarizing is...
True or false: According to Wolfelt, good grief counselors are focused on satisfactory outcomes and leading the counselee to those outcomes - ANS False True or false: According to Wolfelt, it is important to start each new companioning relationship by reminding yourself that you are the expert and that your knowledge and experience is what will most help the counselee - ANS False True or false: According to Wolfelt, people who try to "stay busy" are essentially denying their grief and would fare better if they allow themselves to grieve full-time - ANS False True or false: Because it can fog a counsel's understanding of the session's purpose and accomplishments, summarizing should be used sparingly in counseling sessions - ANS False True or false: Before the age of six months old, infants show only a non-specific distressed reaction to the absence of their mother - ANS True True or false: Communication is 60% words, 30% body language, and 10% tone - ANS False True or false: Enmeshed families demand a united front, which makes individual differences appear disloyal or threatening - ANS True True or false: Even though multiple factors affect families' grief, each factor only occurs one at a time, not simultaneously - ANS False True or false: Family members realize early in the grieving process that issues surrounding the loss will be resolved for each of them - ANS False True or false: Family systems that discourage the expression of feelings and emotion may keep individual family members from an adequate resolution of grief - ANS True True or false: Funerals that encourage people to stay strong and find closure help them grieve more fully - ANS False True or false: Grief can be cumulative - ANS True True or false: Grief is considered by most experts to be a form of clinical depression - ANS False True or false: Having a preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased is an abnormal emotional grief reaction - ANS False True or false: If someone is over the age of forty and hasn't attended a meaningful funeral, they may not realize the importance of having funerals - ANS True
True or false: In a random family structure, the fragmented nature may inhibit the sharing of the reality of the death and the experience of the loss - ANS True True or false: Mourning refers to what we think and feel after a loss, and grief refers to the expression of those thoughts and feelings outside of ourselves - ANS False True or false: Perception checking is similar to clarifying, in that the counselor needs further explanation from the client to ensure he completely understands what was said - ANS True True or false: Regardless of the depth of grief felt by individual family members, grief places a tremendous amount of strain on the family system - ANS True True or false: Sigmund freud believed that a major task of grieving is to withdraw the libido (energy of love and pleasure) that was invested in the deceased - ANS True True or false: Summarizing is a great way to transition from topic to topic - ANS True True or false: The decedent must live through the whole month to be eligible for their social security check - ANS True True or false: To fully understand grieving families, it is important to recognize that their grief is also affected by the relationship they have with each other - ANS True True or false: What can become a crisis for one person may not be a crisis for another person - ANS True True or false: When a parent dies from suicide, many children blame themselves for not being a better child - ANS True True or false: When companioning a mourner, you should call attention to the mourner's strengths and help her see them - ANS True True or false: When companioning a mourner, you should pause interaction and point out when the mourner has accomplished one of the tasks of mourning - ANS False True or false: When helping a griever, it is important to help them move away from the pain of the loss so they can fulfill the second need of mourning - ANS False True or false: While grieving, children need the support of adults. If an adult does not know the answer to a question a child asks, it is better to make up some information rather than appear incompetent - ANS False True or false: Wolfelt believes "grief bursts"--sudden moments of intense pain--should NOT continue after a person has successfully finished grieving - ANS False
e) None of these are relational elements of the arrangement conference - ANS A) Articulating the value of the funeral Which of the following is a transactional element of the arrangement conference? a) Determining method of disposition b) Gathering death certificate information c) Relating service options d) Offering the GPL e) All of these are transactional elements of the arrangement conference - ANS E) All of these are transactional elements of the arrangement conference Which of the following is an example of a clarifying question (as opposed to a paraphrasing or perception-checking question)? a) "You expressed some doubts about the funeral. Did I hear you correctly?" b) "You're angry with him for not being more careful?" c) "I'm not sure I understand. Can we go over that again?" d) "You want to go to the cemetery alone, is that right?" e) All of these are clarifying questions - ANS C) "I'm not sure I understand. Can we go over that again?" Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? a) "How long was your dad sick?" b) "What are some times you remember best?" c) "What do you miss most about your daughter?" d) "Are you angry at your husband?" e) More than one of these questions is open-ended - ANS B) "What are some times you remember best?" Which of the following is an example of indirect leading? a) "Could you tell me more about your husband's illness?" b) "You mentioned that holidays are really difficult for you. Could you tell me more about that?" c) "What else might be helpful to talk about?" d) "What are someone the times you remember most fondly?" e) All of these are examples of indirect leading - ANS C) "What else might be helpful to talk about?" Which of the following is NOT a psychological benefit of funerals? a) They validate the griever's feelings of loss b) They rekindle memories of the deceased c) They initiate thoughts of life without the deceased d) They allow community-wide support for mourners e) All of these are psychological benefits of funerals - ANS D) They allow community- wide support for mourners Which of the following is NOT a social benefit of funerals?
a) They impose the reality of death upon the bereaved b) They assist the process of social reintegration c) They help the community grieve the loss of one of its members d) They serve as a channel to communicate the community's beliefs regarding life and death e) All of these are social benefits of funerals - ANS A) They impose the reality of death upon the bereaved Which of the following is NOT an element that most rituals have in common? a) They are typically public events b) They follow an established, cultural-specific procedure c) They are symbolic d) They are happy, celebratory occasions - ANS D) They are happy, celebratory occasions Which of the following is NOT cited as an influence on the de-ritualization of the funeral? a) We live in a fast-paced culture b) We're more connected to each other c) We have lost the symbolism of death d) We are less spiritual e) We don't understand the role of pain in grieving - ANS B) We're more connected to each other Which of the following is NOT one of the four specific things that a funeral provides to everyone, according to the Klicker text? a) It provides acting-out ceremonies that give expression to feelings too deep to be put into words b) It provides values to live by c) It provides flowers to treasure d) It provides the framework for group support - ANS C) It provides flowers to treasure Which of the following is NOT one of the needs of mourners? a) Search for meaning b) Receive ongoing support from others c) Develop a new identity d) Forget the person who died e) All of these are needs of mourners - ANS D) Forget the person who died Which of the following is the third phase of helping skill development? a) Consciously skilled b) Initial learning c) Uncomfortable use d) Naturally skilled - ANS A) Consciously skilled Which of the following is Wolfelt's definition of "divine momentum"?
