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Mobile Computing - Wireless Network Architecture, Study notes of Mobile Computing

In this document topics covered which are Wireless Network Architecture, Types of WLAN, The Wireless Metropolitan Area Network , Wireless WAN (Wide Area Network), Application areas, Infrastructure Vs. Ad-hoc.

Typology: Study notes

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Wireless Network
Architecture
Stations
All components that can connect into a wireless medium in
a network are referred to as stations.
All stations are equipped with wireless network interface
cards (WNICs).
Wireless stations fall into one of two categories:
1.Wireless access point [1 access points and 2.clients].
1.Access point
Access points (APs) are base stations for the wireless
network. They transmit and receive radio frequencies for
wireless enabled devices to communicate with.
2.Clients
Wireless clients can be mobile devices such as laptops,
personal digital assistants, IP phones, or fixed devices
such as desktops and workstations that are equipped
with a wireless network interface.
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Wireless Network

Architecture

  • (^) Stations
  • (^) All components that can connect into a wireless medium in

a network are referred to as stations.

  • (^) All stations are equipped with wireless network interface

cards (WNICs).

  • (^) Wireless stations fall into one of two categories:
  • (^) 1.Wireless access point [1 access points and 2.clients].
  • (^) 1.Access point
    • (^) Access points (APs) are base stations for the wireless

network. They transmit and receive radio frequencies for

wireless enabled devices to communicate with.

  • (^) 2.Clients
    • (^) Wireless clients can be mobile devices such as laptops,

personal digital assistants, IP phones, or fixed devices

such as desktops and workstations that are equipped

with a wireless network interface.

Types of WLAN

  • (^) The private home or small business WLAN: This consists of one or two access points covering around a 100- to 200-foot radius. The equipment is common enough to be found in most office supply or electronics stores, or even some retail stores like Target or Wal-Mart. With few exceptions, hardware in this category subscribes to the 802.11a, b, or g standards (also known as Wi-Fi).
  • (^) The enterprise class WLAN: This type has a larger number of individual access points covering a wider area. The access points themselves have features not needed for a home or small office, like better security, authentication, remote management, and tools to help integrate with existing networks. Each access point has a larger coverage area than home or small office products, and all are designed to work together to cover a much larger area. Equipment here also adheres to the 802.11a, b, or g standard, and in the future will likely adhere to further security-refining standards such as 802.1x.

Application areas

  • (^) Networks in exhibition halls
  • (^) Hospitals
  • (^) Warehouses
  • (^) Airports
  • (^) Structure of networks in Historic buildings
  • (^) Extension of existing wired local area networks in offices, universities etc.

Infrastructure Vs. Ad-hoc Here are key differences between the modes.

  • (^) Because Ad Hoc Mode does not require an access point, it's easier to set up, especially in a small or temporary network.
  • (^) Infrastructure takes advantage of the high power of an access point to cover wide areas. Ad Hoc Mode connections are limited, for example between two laptops, to the power available in the laptops.
  • (^) Because the network layout (the network topology ) in Ad Hoc Mode changes regularly, system resources are taken just to maintain connectivity.
  • (^) As the Ad Hoc topology changes, throughput and range will change, sometimes in unanticipated ways.
  • (^) In an Ad Hoc network with many computers, the amount of interference for all computers will go up, since each is trying to use the same frequency channel.
  • (^) In Ad Hoc Mode, chains of computers will connect to pass your data, if your computer is not directly in range. On the other hand, you do not have control over the path your data takes. The automatic configuration routines may send your data through several computers, causing significant network delays

IEEE 802.11 Protocol architecture and Bridging