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A collection of multiple-choice questions and answers related to the gastrointestinal system, covering topics such as hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and related conditions. It is a valuable resource for students studying the gastrointestinal system, offering a comprehensive overview of key concepts and clinical scenarios.
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"The nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis and jaundice. The nurse recognizes that without sufficient circulating bile salts the client will have intolerance to which of these ingested
"Four weeks after returning from a tropical vacation, a 40 year-old man has presented to the emergency department with malaise, nausea and yellow sclera. Serology has confirmed a
the virus in time." "A client who has been diagnosed with acute symptomatic viral hepatitis is now in the icteric
and liver tenderness" "When caring for the client with Laennec's cirrhosis, the nurse recognizes which of these is an
"When teaching a client at the GI clinic about chronic pancreatitis, which of these does the nurse
the organ" "When assessing a client with acute cholecystitis, the nurse anticipates the client's report of pain
upper quadrant referred to the same shoulder" "When assessing the nutritional intake of a client with generalized pancreatic cancer, which of
"The client has right upper quadrant pain caused by acute choledocholithiasis. The health care provider suspects the common bile duct is obstructed, based on which of the flowing lab values?
"The client in the GI clinic tells the nurse she is concerned she has something wrong with her gallbladder like what her friend with gallstones and inflammation had. Which of these complaints
to greasy food; burping" "All diseases have risk factors. What is the most significant environmental risk factor for
"A 51 year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming 6 to 8 rum and cokes each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner who is performing his regular physical exam that his drinking is under control and does not have negative implications for his work or family life. How
body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic byproducts."" "The nurse is assessing a client who has just been admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of
"A 51 year-old male has been diagnosed with alcohol-induced liver disease. He admits to the nurse he does not understand what the liver does in the body. Which of these statements best
food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs." "A 40 year-old man who uses heroin intravenously was diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV) one year ago and now has chronic viral hepatitis. Which of the following statements by the client to his
reassuring that my liver isn't undergoing damage when I'm not experiencing symptoms." "A client tells the nurse that he is concerned about developing hepatitis after being exposed to
"A client with a history of cancer that metastasized to the liver has arrived at the outpatient clinic to have a paracentesis performed. The physician anticipates that the client will have more than 5 L of fluid removed. The physician has prescribed intravenous albumin following the procedure.
"Ascites is an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and usually occurs in advanced
"A patient is admitted with an intestinal obstruction with abdominal bloating. Which of the
"The parietal cells of the stomach produce hydrochloric acid to protect the mucosal covering from gastric erosion. The nurse understands that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) produces an enzyme that enables its survival in this acidic environment. Which of the following enzymes does
"A 28-year-old man presents with complaints of diarrhea, fecal urgency, and weight loss. His stool is light-colored and malodorous, and it tends to float and be difficult to flush. He has also noted tender, red bumps on his shins and complains of pain and stiffness in his elbows and knees. Sigmoidoscopy reveals discontinuous, granulomatous lesions; no blood is detected in his stool.
chron disease" "Celiac disease commonly presents in infancy as failure to thrive. It is an inappropriate T-cell- mediated immune response, and there is no cure for it. What is the treatment of choice for celiac
"A nurse administering a patient's medication tells the patient that a proton pump inhibitor has been added. When the patient asks the purpose of the medication, the nurse responds that it is to
year-old female whose mother had colorectal cancer" "A patient presents with a perforated peptic ulcer. Which of the following complications would be
"Crohn's disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be
"A patient is admitted with an abrupt onset of referred pain to the epigastric area, with an episode of nausea. On the nurse's initial assessment, the patient is lying still and taking shallow
"A nurse is completing an abdominal assessment on a patient suspected to have appendicitis. When the nurse applies and then releases pressure in the patient's right lower quadrant, the patient experiences tenderness. The nurse is documenting the presence of which of the
"The cause of gastric carcinomas has been influenced by which of the following factors? Select all
"A patient is admitted to the medical surgical unit with a history of inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse knows that the clinical manifestations of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are
"After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57 year-old female client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following treatment regimens is likely
avoiding large meals; remaining upright after meals" "A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of strangulated bowel. The nurse
"Pharmacologic treatment for peptic ulcers has changed over the past several decades. The nurse
"The incidence of stomach cancer has significantly decreased in the United States, yet it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The nurse understands the reason for the high mortality
Patients have few early symptoms of the disease." "A number of clients on a geriatric subacute medical floor of a hospital have developed foul- smelling diarrhea over the last several days, and subsequent culture of stool samples has confirmed the presence of Clostridium difficile in each case. The care team on the unit would recognize that which of the following factors likely contributed to the health problem and would
antibiotics likely played a role in the developments of the infections, and most clients would likely receive metronidazole as a treatment." "Treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) requires combination therapy that includes which
"Symptoms of gastric cancer include vague epigastric pain, which makes early detection difficult. The nurse would expect a patient to undergo which of the following diagnostic examinations to
"The nurse is teaching her patient with hepatobiliary disease about her diet. She tells her that she
"In patients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the
Fluid and electrolyte status"
"A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Crohn disease about potential complications. The
formation" "An elderly patient with a history of severe constipation tells the nurse that he has been experiencing watery stool and fecal incontinence the last 2 days. The nurse suspects which of the
"During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty
"A student is studying gallbladder function. Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones
"Place the following components of the gastrointestinal tract in the chronological order that a
administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt the normal microbial balance and allow overgrowth of species."" "While reviewing the colonic absorption and role of flora in the GI system, the instructor will
contains hundreds of different species."
"The nurse is caring for a client with a condition of deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
"Which substance, released by the atria, causes vasodilation of the afferent and efferent
"The nurse is instructing a client on the procedure for obtaining a voided urine specimen to bring the laboratory for analysis. Which is the most important information for the nurse to tell the
"The anemia that occurs with end-stage kidney disease is often caused by the kidneys
"Which of the following medications may be responsible for a client developing increased uric
"When teaching the client with gout about the cause of the disease, which of these should the
"A client has just been admitted to the emergency department after sustaining severe injuries and massive blood loss following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse predicts that the client's
"The nurse should anticipate that a client who collapsed while running his or her first marathon
"A nursing student studying pharmacology is learning how angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) work. The student is correct when the student states the mechanism of action of
"Urine specific gravity is normally 1.010 to 1.025 with adequate hydration. When there is loss of renal concentrating ability due to impaired renal function, low concentration levels are exhibited.
"A patient is scheduled for a creatinine clearance test to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The patient asks the nurse what this test is used for. Which of the following is the nurse's
"Clients with CKD are at risk for demineralization of their bones since they are no longer able to:
"At which of the following locations in the nephron would a health care professional first expect
"The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the mechanism of action of common
They block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the nephron." "An adult has a serum sample taken to evaluate the BUN-creatinine ratio. Select the result that
"The nurse is caring for a client with profound dehydration. The nurse recognizes the body should
"When caring for the client with proteinuria, the nurse recognizes dysfunction in which of these
Glomerulus"
"The nurse recognizes that ADH, antidiuretic hormone, exerts its effects in which of these
"The nurse is explaining the role of endothelial cells in synthesizing vasoactive substances, one of
"In the emergency department, a client arrives following a car accident. His pulse is 122; BP 88/60; respiration is 18 bpm. Urine output is 4 mL over the first hour on arrival. When in shock,
sympathetic nervous system causing constriction of the afferent arteriole." "A nurse is caring for a patient who has a recent history of passing calcium urinary stones. Which
hydration" "Which one of the following would the nurse see as being liable to cause the most serious long-
"A patient is being treated with colchicine (Colcrys) for pain in the big right toe. The patient begins to complain of severe right flank pain and is diagnosed with kidney stones. Which of the following
"The most important information for a nurse to give a patient who has been diagnosed and
peanuts" "A client has been diagnosed with having calcium oxalate kidney stones following intravenous pyelography. Which of the following teaching points about the treatment of the health problem
lithotripsy treatment may be used to fragment larger stones."
"A young woman presents with signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse notes that this is the fifth UTI in as many months. What would this information lead the nurse to
"Which additional physical finding would you anticipate seeing in a child suspected of having a
"The nurse is assessing a patient who has a unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract. The nurse
"A patient who has had an intestinal bypass has developed a kidney stone. Which of the following
"The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient with suspected nephrotic syndrome. The nurse
"A patient has passed a kidney stone composed of uric acid (urate). Which of the following pathological conditions is a contributing factor for the development of this type of kidney stone?
"The nurse suspects that a newborn infant who presents with bilateral flank masses, impaired
"Which laboratory findings should you expect to see in a patient diagnosed with nephritic
"Which client would be considered at a higher risk for developing Goodpasture Syndrome, an
person with a recent influenza infection
"A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse is aware that the
Massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)
are vulnerable to damage because of how much blood flows through them and the fact that they break down many drugs."" "A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with kidney colic and has not yet passed the stone. Which of the following interventions should the nurse be sure to include when
"The primary care provider for a newly admitted hospital client has added the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the blood work scheduled for this morning. The client's GFR results return
"An 86-year-old female client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of dehydration and hyponatremia after she curtailed her fluid intake to minimize urinary incontinence. The client's admitting laboratory results are suggestive of prerenal failure. The nurse should be
"The nurse is instructing a patient with advanced kidney disease (AKD) about a dietary regimen. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse be sure to include in the treatment plan to
protein"
"A 42 year-old male has been diagnosed with renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus and is scheduled to begin dialysis soon. Which of the following statements by the client reflects an
to go about my normal routine during treatment."" "The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the
"A drug abuser was found unconscious after shooting up heroin 2 days prior. Because of the pressure placed on the hip and arm, the client has developed rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows
cells" "The nurse is reviewing the diagnosis of four male clients. Select the diagnosis that places the
hyperplasia" "A family physician is providing care for a 61 year-old obese male who has a history of diabetes and hypertension. Blood work has indicated that the man has a GFR of 51 mL/min with elevated serum creatinine levels. Which of the following statements will the physician most likely provide
likely been caused by your diabetes and high blood pressure."" "Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can provoke many cardiovascular changes. The nurse will monitor
Congestive heart failure
Reductions in plasma proteins increase the amount of free drug and decrease the amount of protein-bound drug."
"The nurse recognizes that renal failure has many underlying causes, including which of the
"The health care provider is comparing results of a client's recent GFR measurement. Which of
mL/minute" "The nurse is preparing to assess a client who has just been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of prerenal failure. Which would the nurse expect the client to manifest? Select all that
memory and inattention." "A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has developed asterixis. The nurse knows that
"While assessing a peritoneal dialysis client in his or her home, the nurse notes that the fluid draining from the abdomen is cloudy, is white in color, and contains a strong odor. The nurse
Peritonitis"
"The clinical nurse educator on a nephrology unit of a large, urban hospital is orientating recent nursing graduates to the unit. Which of the following teaching points about acute tubular
"Trauma, burns and major surgery are common precursors to ATN.""
"Vitamin D metabolism is deranged in clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse
"A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing nausea and vomiting.
intake of dietary protein" "A patient sustained acute tubular injury approximately 2 hours ago. Which of the following
"A nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which
"Which of the following types of pharmacological therapy does the nurse anticipate administering to a patient for treatment of a spastic bladder in order to decrease bladder
"A patient is admitted with lower urinary tract obstruction and stasis. Which of the following is
"The nursing student, while studying anatomy and physiology, correctly identifies which of the
"A nurse is caring for a patient in spinal shock. Which of the following interventions is appropriate
catheterization" "The client has just been diagnosed with bladder cancer and asks the nurse what causes it. Which
cause is unknown.""