Definition, History, Present Status And
Scope Of Pharmacognosy
Ph arm aco gn osy | Cha pte r – 1
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Definition, History, Present Status And
Scope Of Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy | Chapter – 1
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Pharmacognosy:- Pharmacognosy is defined as the scientific and systematic study of structural, physical, chemical and biological characters of crude drugs along with their history, method of cultivation, collection and preparation for the market.
The word Pharmacognosy is derived from Greek word viz. Pharmakon: A Drug Gignosco : To acquire the knowledge
The Pharmacognosy is the subject of crude drugs obtained from the plant, Animals and Minerals origins.
Source of crude drugs:-
Plant Source:- Neem, Babul, Tulsi, Saffron, Clove.
Animal source:- Honey bee, bee wax, Silk, Insulin, Shark, Liver oil, Thyroid.
Mineral source:- Chalk, bentonite, asbestos, talc, kaolin, Fuller's earth.
Micro- Organism: - Antibiotics,
Marine :- Salt, Protozoa, etc.
History of Pharmacognosy Egyptians wear aware of medicinal uses of several plants and animals and also about human anatomy.
The Greek physician Hippocrates (460- 360 B.C ) known as 'Father of medicine'
Aristotle the renowned philosopher (384 - 322 B.C.) is well known for his studies on animal Kingdom and Theophrastus (370 - 287 B.C.) for the plants Kingdom.
Pedanius Dioscorides, (040- 080 A.D.) A Greek physician in 78 A.D. described several plants of medicinal importance in "De Materia Medica".
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1 Analysis and Phytochemical:- Many Bioactive biomolecular are extracted and isolated from the crude drugs.
They are analysed by modern technique such as Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC),
High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPL), Gas Chromatography.
2 Herbal Preparation herbal medicine:- Herbal medicine have become more popular in recent years because it is believe that these do not have and toxin or side-effects as compare to the modern medicine.
3 Flavoring agent and perfumes:- Large number of aromatic plants which are extensively used as Flavoring agent, perfume, spicy and medicine Ajowan, Lemon grass, etc.
4 Tissue Culture:- Plant tissue Culture broadly referral to the in-vitro cultivation of plant seed and various parts of the plants organ embryo, tissue, single cell protoplast.
5 Phytomedicine :- Herbal based traditional medicine practice that uses various plant material in modalities considered both prevention and therapeutics.