Sr. N. Parameter T1: Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Contrasting dye can cause nausea,
headaches, & pain or burning at point of
injection in some people. Allergy to it is
also seldom seen but possible, and can
cause hives or itchy eyes.
Physiological Psychology Assignment - 1
Jay Vijay Pandit - A70240720023 - BSc. CP B - Semester 4
Assignment: Non-Invasive Techniques of Studying Human Brain
Comparison Chart of the Non-Invasive Techniques
T3: Computed Tomograhy T4: Positron Emission Tomography T5: Electroencaphelogram
1.
Functionality of the
Technique in terms of
Nomenclature.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the
body uses a powerful magnetic field, radio
waves and a computer to produce detailed
pictures of the inside of one's body for
study purposes in field of psychology.
Functional Magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) uses similar technology as MRI but
tracks changes in blood flow and oxygen
levels to indicate neural activity.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan is a
radiographic technique for quickly
producing detailed, three-dimensional
images of the brain or other soft tissues.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET
Scan) uses a radioactive substance called a
tracer to look for disease or injury in the
brain.
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test
that detects electrical activity in one's
brain using small, metal discs (electrodes)
attached to one's scalp.
2. Key Distinctive Feature
One of the biggest advantages to EEG is
the ability to see brain activity as it unfolds
in real time, at the level of milliseconds
(thousandths of a second)
MRI provides soft tissue contrast between
fat, water, muscle, and other soft tissue
that provide information to physicians and
can be useful in diagnositic purposes.
fMRI creates brain maps of brain
functioning by setting up and utilizing an
advanced MRI scanner way that increased
blood flow to the activated areas of the
brain shows up on the MRI scans.
It is a relatively painless procedure that
measures both anatomy and metabolic
function within the patient's body as
images are captured in a single scan.
A major advantage of CT is its ability to
image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels
all at the same time.
Neurological Application 3.
MRI is useful in detecting the brain
anomalies and spinal cord structural
problems in terms of its neurological
application.
fMRI can be used to assess risks of brain
surgery by identifying the regions of the
brain involved in critical functions, such as
speaking, movement, sensing, or planning.
They can detect bone and vascular
irregularities, certain brain tumors and
cysts, herniated discs, epilepsy,
encephalitis, spinal stenosis etc.
PET scans are best known to apply in
detecting brain disorders and cancers in
patients especially in the central nervous
system and periphery.
EEG determine changes in brain activity
useful in diagnosing brain disorders,
especially epilepsy or another seizure
disorder, Brain tumor. Brain damage .
4. Post-Scan Risk(s)
In rare cases, some people experience side
effects such as nausea, pain, or an allergic
reaction to the injected contrast medium.
CT scans use X-rays, which are radiation
called ionizing radiation. It can damage the
DNA in cells and turn cancerous. These
scans expose one to more radiation.
The risks of the test are also minimal in
comparison to how beneficial the results
can be in diagnosing serious medical
conditions.
EEG is very safe and risk free unless if an
individual has history of illness it might
cause abnormalities or hyperventillation.
5. Technical Limitation(s)
An MRI is a very expensive and time-
consuming investigation compared to other
methods and MRI may not always be able
to tell the difference between some disease
processes.
It is expensive compared to other scans.
The patient has to stay still to capture clear
images. Patient's movements can affect the
quality of images.
CT Scan are too expensive when it comes
to const but additionally they impart high
doses of radiation which are harmful for
the patients and sometimes doesn't detect
microbial activities in the results.
A PET scan is less accurate in certain
situations: Slow-growing, less active
tumors may not absorb much tracer. Small
tumors (less than 7mm) may not be
detectable.
Poor spatial resolution. EEG is most sensitive
to a particular set of post-synaptic potentials:
those generated in superficial layers of the
cortex, on the crests of gyri directly abutting
the skull and radial to the skull.
6. Pictorial Distinction
(Displyaing image of Brain)
