Bioprospecting and Medicinal Plants: Exploring the Potential of Nature for Human Benefit, Summaries of Environmental Science

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INSTITUTE OF

ENVIRONMENT

STUDIES

(KURUKSHETRA)

UNIVERSITY,KURUKSHETRA)

Bioprospecting and Medicinal plants Presented by: Aman Roll no. 20 Class M.Sc (p)

CONTENTS  Bioprospecting  (^) Examples  (^) Process  Key issue and challenge  Policy  Advantages  (^) Disadvantages  (^) Medicinal pants and their uses

BIOPROSPECTING? 1.Bioprospecting (exploration of product )

2. Research 3. income 4.Conservation

SOME EXAMPLES OF BIOPROSPECTING DERIVED

PRODUCTS

 Biofertilisers, biopesticides and veterinary antibiotics.  Rhozobium is used as biofertilisers.  Bacillus thuringenesis are the examples of biopesticides.  Valnemulin and tiamulin are examples of veterinary antibiotics.  Xanthobacter used for skin hydration and UV protection  Laccase is used as biosensor.  Coriolopsis is used for bioremidiation in beer factory wastewater.

BENEFITS?  (^) It leads to advancements in biological and pharmalogical knowledge.  It provides a economic benefits to poor rural communities.  It promotes the conservation of the biological diversity.  (^) It also influences the ethics of international collaboration.

PROCESS OF BIOPROSPECTING

KEY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES  Conservation versus exploitation:- conservation is not always the top priority of nations, and some seek to make a quick profit from their natural resources rather than preserving them. As a result, the biodiversity they wish to exploit is disappearing.  Lack of legal clarity:- There is need for clearer, more specifics rules on how origins of samples and IK are recorded and their benefits shared, both nationally and abroad.

BIOPROSPECTING POLICY  (^) Legislation and regulation:- legislation and regulation should – ensure that clear conditions and procedures govern access to genetic resources,

• make access subject to written agreement based on prior informed consent and
• require fair and equitable sharing of the benefits.
• Benefit sharing mechanisms:- benefits should be distributed fairly and equitably among all parties concerned, including local communities, indigenous groups, universities, etc.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BIOPROSPECTING

 Its activities can also produce pollution in the form of debris or discharge from vessels and equipements.  (^) Possibility of over exploitation in harvesting organisms in these regions And the flow on environmental impacts.  In situ experiments can introduce light and noise or change the water temperature which affect survival of organisms.

ADVANTAGES(PROS.)

 Discovery of important genes : identification and extraction of crucial genes from various natural resources.  For example: genetic material extracted from plant material like madagascar periwinke and oppium poppy.  (^) Enhanced understanding of biological resources: it helps us to better understanding of natural resources and their sustainable management.  Availability of treatment options: expand the large range of treatment options for the improvement of health and illness.

Medicinal

Plants

MEDICINAL PLANTS(DEFINITION)  (^) Are those plants, rich in secondary metabolites and are potential source of drugs.  These secondary metabolites include alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, steroids  According to the WHO “a medicinal plants is any plants which, in one or more of its organs/parts, contains substance that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for chemo- pharmaceutical semi synthesis”.

ALOE VERA  Common name- ghritkumari, aloeveera,  (^) Botanical name- Aloe barbadensis miller  Family- Asphodelaceae  (^) Part used- green leaf  Applications- aloe vera gel has anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects and helps minor wounds.

• liver disorders – Aloe juice with turmeric powder should be taken twice a day.
• Difficult urination – can be cure by taking diluted juice.
• As a cosmetic – used as a gel because of best moisturizers.

GINGER  (^) Common name – Adrak  (^) Botanical name – Zingiber officinale  (^) Family- Zingiberaceae  Part used- rhizome  (^) Applications – ginger is stimulating to the heart, helping to regulate its function.

• excellent in reducing nausea caused by pregnancy.
• drink ginger tea with or without honey three to four times a day to relieve sore throat.
• prevents blood clots.
• ginger roots juice with honey for lowering yours cholesterol.
• mixture of ginger and lemon juice helps in indigestion.