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Degree Sequence in Graph Theory: Concepts and Examples, Lecture notes of Mathematics

Mathematics notes and class notes

Typology: Lecture notes

2020/2021

Uploaded on 07/23/2021

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DEGREE SEQUENCE
The degree sequence of a graph is the sequence of the degrees of the vertices,
with these numbers put in ascending order, with repetitions as needed. Thus
G:
has degree sequence
(1,2,2,3).
Two graphs with different degree sequences cannot be isomorphic. For example,
these two graphs are not isomorphic,
G1:
G2:
since one has four vertices of degree 2 and the other has just two. Their degree
sequences are
(2,2,2,2) and (1,2,2,3).
It is common for even simple connected graphs to have the same degree sequences
and yet be non-isomorphic. For example, we saw in class that these
are not isomorphic, but they both have the degree sequence
(2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3).
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The degree sequence of a graph is the sequence of the degrees of the vertices, with these numbers put in ascending order, with repetitions as needed. Thus

G:

has degree sequence (1, 2 , 2 , 3).

Two graphs with different degree sequences cannot be isomorphic. For example, these two graphs are not isomorphic,

G 1 :

G 2 :

since one has four vertices of degree 2 and the other has just two. Their degree sequences are

(2, 2 , 2 , 2) and (1, 2 , 2 , 3). It is common for even simple connected graphs to have the same degree sequences and yet be non-isomorphic. For example, we saw in class that these

  •  - - • - 

are not isomorphic, but they both have the degree sequence

(2, 2 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3). 1

Example 0.1. Up to isomorphism, find all simple graphs with degree sequence

(1, 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 4). Solution: The degree 4 vertex must be adjacent to 0, 1 or 2 of the vertices of degree 2, so we In the first case, we need to add two edges between the same two vertices, which is

  • • have three cases to consider: - • - • - •
    • • - , • - • - • - • - • - • - • - , • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • not allowed. In the second case, we can add an edge in two ways - • - • - • - • - • - •
      • → • - • - • - • - • - • - • - , • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • and there are three ways in the third case: - • - • - • - • - • - •