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Outline of academic disciplines
Main article: Discipline (academia)
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education. A scholar’s discipline is commonly defined and received by the university faculties and learned soci- eties to which he or she belongs and the academic jour- nals in which he or she publishes research. However, no formal criteria exists for defining an academic discipline.
Disciplines vary between well-established ones that exist in almost all universities and have well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few universities and publications. A discipline may have branches, and these are often called sub-disciplines.
There is no consensus on how some academic disci- plines should be classified (e.g., whether anthropology and linguistics are discipline of social sciences or fields within the humanities). More generally, the proper cri- teria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to academic disciplines.
1 Arts
Main article: The arts
1.1 Performing arts
Main articles: Performing arts and Outline of performing arts
- Music (outline)
- Accompanying
- Chamber music
- Church music
- Conducting
- Choral conducting
- Orchestral conducting
- Wind ensemble conducting
- Early music
- Jazz studies (outline)
- Musical composition
- Music education
- Music history
- Musicology
- Historical musicology
- Systematic musicology
- Ethnomusicology
- Music theory
- Orchestral studies
- Organology
- Organ and historical keyboards
- Piano
- Strings, harp, oud, and guitar (outline)
- Singing
- Woodwinds, brass, and percussion
- Recording
- Dance (outline)
- Choreography
- Dance notation
- Ethnochoreology
- History of dance
- Television (outline)
- Television studies
- Theatre (outline)
- Acting
- Directing
- Dramaturgy
- History
- Musical theatre
- Playwrighting
- Puppetry
- Scenography
- Stage design
- Film (outline)
- Animation
- Film criticism
- Filmmaking
- Film theory
- Live action
2 2 HUMANITIES
1.2 Visual arts
Main articles: Visual arts and Outline of the visual arts
- Fine arts
- Graphic arts
- Drawing (outline)
- Painting (outline)
- Photography (outline)
- Sculpture (outline)
- Applied arts
- Animation
- Calligraphy
- Decorative arts
- Mixed media
- Printmaking
- Studio art
- Architecture (Outline of architecture
- Interior architecture
- Landscape architecture
- Architectural analytics
- Historic preservation
- Interior design (interior architecture)
- Landscape architecture (landscape plan- ning)
- Landscape design
- Technical drawing
- Information architecture
- Urban planning (urban design)
- Outline of design
- Fashion design
- Textile design
- User experience design
- Interaction design
- User experience evaluation
- User interface design
- Visual communication
- Industrial design (product design)
- Ergonomics (outline)
- Game design
- Toy and amusement design
2 Humanities
Main articles: Humanities and Outline of the humanities
2.1 Geography
Main articles: Geography, Outline of geography, and Human geography
- Cartography (outline)
- Cultural geography
- Economic geography
- Historical geography
- Political geography & geopolitics
- Population geography
- Military geography
- Strategic geography
- Social geography
- Behavioral geography
- Children’s geographies
- Health geography
- Tourism geography
- Time geography
- Urban geography
2.2 History
Main articles: History and Outline of history
- African history
- American history
- Ancient history
- Ancient Greek history (outline)
- Ancient Roman history (outline)
- Asian history
- Chinese history
- Indian history (outline)
- Indonesian history
- Iranian history
- Australian history
- Economic history
- Environmental history
4 3 SOCIAL SCIENCES
- Systems philosophy
- Epistemology (outline)
- Justification
- Reasoning errors
- Ethics (outline)
- Applied ethics
- Animal rights
- Bioethics
- Environmental ethics
- Meta-ethics
- Moral psychology, Descriptive ethics, Value theory
- Normative ethics
- Virtue ethics
- History of philosophy
- Ancient philosophy
- Contemporary philosophy
- Medieval philosophy
- Humanism (outline)
- Scholasticism
- Modern philosophy
- Logic (outline)
- Mathematical logic
- Philosophical logic
- Meta-philosophy
- Metaphysics (outline)
- Philosophy of Action
- Determinism and Free will
- Ontology
- Philosophy of mind
- Philosophy of pain
- Philosophy of artificial intelligence
- Philosophy of perception
- Philosophy of space and time
- Teleology
- Theism and Atheism
- Philosophical traditions and schools
- African philosophy
- Analytic philosophy
- Aristotelianism
- Continental philosophy
- Eastern philosophy
- Feminist philosophy
- Platonism
- Social philosophy and political philosophy
- Anarchism (outline)
- Feminist philosophy
- Libertarianism (outline)
- Marxism
2.5 Theology
Main articles: Theology and Outline of theology
- • Theology
- Bible Studies
- History of the Church
- Religious Studies
- Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Greek, Aramaic
3 Social sciences
Main articles: Social science and Outline of social science
3.1 Economics
Main articles: Economics and Outline of economics
- Agricultural economics
- Anarchist economics
- Applied economics
- Behavioural economics
- Bioeconomics
- Complexity economics
- Computational economics
- Consumer economics
- Development economics
- Ecological economics
- Econometrics
- Economic geography
- Economic history
3.2 Law 5
- Economic sociology
- Economic systems
- Energy economics
- Entrepreneurial economics
- Environmental economics
- Evolutionary economics
- Experimental economics
- Feminist economics
- Financial econometrics
- Financial economics
- Green economics
- Growth economics
- Human development theory
- Industrial organization
- Information economics
- Institutional economics
- International economics
- Islamic economics
- Labor economics
- Law and economics
- Macroeconomics
- Managerial economics
- Marxian economics
- Mathematical economics
- Microeconomics
- Monetary economics
- Neuroeconomics
- Participatory economics
- Political economy
- Public economics
- Public finance
- Real estate economics
- Resource economics
- Social choice theory
- Socialist economics
- Socioeconomics
- Transport economics
- Welfare economics
3.2 Law
Main articles: Law and Outline of law
- Administrative law
- Canon law
- Civil law
- Admiralty law
- Animal law/Animal rights
- Civil procedure
- Common law
- Contract law
- Corporations
- Environmental law
- Family law
- Federal law
- International law
- Public international law
- Supranational law
- Labor law
- Paralegal studies
- Property law
- Tax law
- Tort law (outline)
- Comparative law
- Competition law
- Constitutional law
- Criminal law
- Criminal justice (outline)
- Criminal procedure
- Forensic science (outline)
- Police science
- Islamic law
- Jewish law (outline)
- Jurisprudence (Philosophy of Law)
- Legal management
- Business law
- Corporate law
- Mercantile law
- Procedural law
- Substantive law
3.5 Sociology 7
- Pedology (children study)
- Personality psychology
- Phenomenology
- Political psychology
- Positive psychology
- Psychoanalysis
- Psychobiology
- Psychology of religion
- Psychometrics
- Psychopathology
- Psychophysics
- Quantitative psychology
- Rehabilitation psychology
- School psychology
- Social psychology
- Sport psychology
- Traffic psychology
- Transpersonal psychology
3.5 Sociology
Main articles: Sociology and Outline of sociology
- Analytical sociology
- Applied sociology
- Leisure studies
- Political sociology
- Public sociology
- Social engineering
- Architectural sociology
- Area studies
- African studies
- American studies
- Appalachian studies
- Canadian studies
- Latin American studies
- Asian studies
- Central Asian studies
- East Asian studies
- Indology
- Iranian studies
- Japanese studies
- Korean studies
- Pakistan studies
- Sindhology
- Sinology (outline)
- Southeast Asian studies
- Australian studies
- European studies
- Celtic studies
- German studies
- Scandinavian studies
- Slavic studies
- Middle Eastern studies
- Behavioral sociology
- Chinese sociology
- Collective behavior
- Social movements
- Community informatics
- Social network analysis
- Comparative sociology
- Conflict theory
- Criminology/Criminal justice (outline)
- Critical management studies
- Critical sociology
- Cultural sociology
- Cultural studies/ethnic studies
- Africana studies
- Cross-cultural studies
- Culturology
- Ethnology
- Whiteness studies
- Demography/Population
- Digital sociology
- Dramaturgical sociology
- Economic sociology
- Educational sociology
- Empirical sociology
- Environmental sociology
8 3 SOCIAL SCIENCES
- Evolutionary sociology
- Feminist sociology
- Figurational sociology
- Futures studies (outline)
- Gender studies
- Men’s studies
- Women’s studies
- Historical sociology
- Human ecology
- Humanistic sociology
- Industrial sociology
- Interactionism
- Interpretive sociology
- Ethnomethodology
- Phenomenology
- Social constructionism
- Symbolic interactionism
- Jealousy sociology
- Macrosociology
- Marxist sociology
- Mathematical sociology
- Medical sociology
- Mesosociology
- Microsociology
- Military sociology
- Natural resource sociology
- Organizational studies
- Phenomenological sociology
- Policy sociology
- Polish sociology
- Psychoanalytic sociology
- Science studies/Science and technology studies
- Sexology
- Heterosexism
- Human sexual behavior
- Human sexuality (outline)
- Queer studies/Queer theory
- Social capital
- Social change
- Social conflict theory
- Social control
- Pure sociology
- Social economy
- Social philosophy
- Social policy
- Social psychology
- Social research
- Social stratification
- Social theory
- Social transformation
- Computational sociology
- Economic sociology/Socioeconomics
- Economic development
- Social development
- Sociobiology
- Sociocybernetics
- Sociolinguistics
- Sociological theory
- Sociology of aging
- Sociology of agriculture
- Sociology of art
- Sociology of autism
- Sociology of childhood
- Sociology of conflict
- Sociology of culture
- Sociology of cyberspace
- Sociology of development
- Sociology of deviance
- Sociology of disaster
- Sociology of education
- Sociology of emotions
- Sociology of fatherhood
10 4 NATURAL SCIENCES
- Agroecology
- Ethnoecology
- Human ecology
- Landscape ecology
- Endocrinology
- Evolutionary biology
- Genetics (outline)
- Behavioural genetics
- Molecular genetics
- Population genetics
- Histology
- Human biology
- Immunology (outline)
- Limnology
- Linnaean taxonomy
- Marine biology
- Mathematical biology
- Microbiology
- Molecular biology
- Mycology
- Neuroscience (outline)
- Behavioral neuroscience
- Nutrition (outline)
- Paleobiology
- Paleontology
- Parasitology
- Pathology
- Anatomical pathology
- Clinical pathology
- Dermatopathology
- Forensic pathology
- Hematopathology
- Histopathology
- Molecular pathology
- Surgical pathology
- Physiology
- Human physiology
- Exercise physiology
- Structural Biology
- Systematics (Taxonomy)
- Systems biology
- Virology
- Molecular virology
- Xenobiology
- Zoology (outline)
- Animal communications
- Apiology
- Arachnology
- Carcinology
- Cetology
- Entomology
- Forensic entomology
- Ethnozoology
- Ethology
- Helminthology
- Herpetology
- Ichthyology (outline)
- Mammalogy
- Malacology
- Conchology
- Myrmecology (outline)
- Nematology
- Neuroethology
- Oology
- Ornithology (outline)
- Planktology
- Primatology
- Zootomy
- Zoosemiotics
4.2 Chemistry
Main articles: Chemistry and Outline of chemistry See also: Branches of chemistry
- Agrochemistry
- Analytical chemistry
- Astrochemistry
- Atmospheric chemistry
- Biochemistry (outline)
4.3 Earth and space sciences 11
- Chemical biology
- Chemical engineering (outline)
- Cheminformatics
- Computational chemistry
- Cosmochemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Environmental chemistry
- Femtochemistry
- Flavor
- Flow chemistry
- Geochemistry
- Green chemistry
- Histochemistry
- Hydrogenation
- Immunochemistry
- Inorganic chemistry
- Marine chemistry
- Mathematical chemistry
- Mechanochemistry
- Medicinal chemistry
- Molecular biology
- Molecular mechanics
- Nanotechnology
- Natural product chemistry
- Neurochemistry
- Oenology
- Organic chemistry (outline)
- Organometallic chemistry
- Petrochemistry
- Pharmacology
- Photochemistry
- Physical chemistry
- Physical organic chemistry
- Phytochemistry
- Polymer chemistry
- Quantum chemistry
- Radiochemistry
- Solid-state chemistry
- Sonochemistry
- Supramolecular chemistry
- Surface chemistry
- Synthetic chemistry
- Theoretical chemistry
- Thermochemistry
4.3 Earth and space sciences
Main articles: Earth science, Outline of earth science, and Outline of space science See also: Branches of earth sciences
- Edaphology
- Environmental chemistry
- Environmental science
- Gemology
- Geochemistry
- Geodesy
- Geography (outline)
- Geology (outline)
- Geomorphology
- Geophysics (outline)
- Glaciology
- Hydrogeology
- Hydrology (outline)
- Meteorology (outline)
- Mineralogy
- Oceanography
- Paleontology
- Paleobiology
- Paleoecology
- Pedology
- Petrology
- Sedimentology
- Soil science
4.5 Physics 13
- Algebraic geometry
- Algebraic topology
- Convex geometry
- Differential topology
- Discrete geometry
- Finite geometry
- Galois geometry
- General topology
- Geometric topology
- Integral geometry
- Noncommutative geometry
- Non-Euclidean geometry
- Projective geometry
- Number theory
- Algebraic number theory
- Analytic number theory
- Arithmetic combinatorics
- Geometric number theory
Applied mathematics
- Approximation theory
- Combinatorics (outline)
- Cryptography
- Dynamical systems
- Chaos theory
- Fractal geometry
- Game theory
- Graph theory
- Information theory
- Mathematical physics
- Quantum field theory
- Quantum gravity
- Quantum mechanics
- Statistical mechanics
- Numerical analysis
- Operations research
- Assignment problem
- Decision analysis
- Dynamic programming
- Inventory theory
- Linear programming
- Mathematical optimization
- Optimal maintenance
- Real options analysis
- Scheduling
- Stochastic processes
- Systems analysis
- Statistics (outline)
- Actuarial science
- Demography
- Econometrics
- Mathematical statistics
- Theory of computation
- Computational complexity theory
4.5 Physics
Main articles: Physics and Outline of physics
- Acoustics
- Applied physics
- Astrophysics
- Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
- Biophysics (outline)
- Computational physics
- Condensed matter physics
- Cryogenics
- Electromagnetism
- Elementary particle physics
- Experimental physics
- Fluid dynamics
- Geophysics (outline)
- Mathematical physics
- Mechanics
- Medical physics
- Molecular physics
- Newtonian dynamics
14 5 APPLIED SCIENCES
- Nuclear physics
- Optics
- Plasma physics
- Quantum physics
- Solid mechanics
- Solid state physics
- Statistical mechanics
- Theoretical physics
- Thermodynamics
- Vehicle dynamics
5 Applied sciences
Main articles: Applied science and Outline of applied science
5.1 Agriculture and agricultural sciences
Main articles: Agriculture and Agricultural sciences
- Agroecology
- Agrology
- Agronomy
- Animal husbandry (Animal science)
- Entomology
- Agricultural economics
- Agricultural engineering
- Biological systems engineering
- Food engineering
- Aquaculture
- Enology
- Food science
- Horticulture
- Hydrology (outline)
- Pedology (soil study)
- Plant science (outline)
- Viticulture
5.2 Computer science
Main articles: Computer science and Outline of com- puter science See also: ACM Computing Classification System
Also a branch of electrical engineering
- Logic in computer science
- Formal methods (Formal verification)
- Logic programming
- Multi-valued logic
- Programming language semantics
- Type theory
- Algorithms
- Computational geometry
- Distributed algorithms
- Parallel algorithms
- Randomized algorithms
- Artificial intelligence (outline)
- Cognitive science
- Automated reasoning
- Computer vision (outline)
- Machine learning
- Artificial neural network
- Support vector machine
- Natural language processing (Computational linguistics)
- Expert systems
- Robotics (outline)
- Data structures
- Computer architecture
- Computer graphics
- Image processing
- Scientific visualization
- Computer communications (networks)
- Cloud computing
- Information theory
- Internet, World Wide Web
- Ubiquitous computing
- Wireless computing (Mobile computing)
- Computer security and reliability
16 5 APPLIED SCIENCES
- Thermodynamics
- Transport phenomena
Civil Engineering
- Coastal engineering
- Earthquake engineering
- Ecological engineering
- Environmental engineering
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydraulic engineering
- Mining engineering
- Transportation engineering
- Structural engineering
- Architectural engineering
- Structural mechanics
- Surveying
Educational Technology
- Instructional design
- Distance education
- Instructional simulation
- Human performance technology
- Knowledge management
Electrical Engineering
- Applied physics
- Computer engineering (outline)
- Computer science
- Control systems engineering
- Electronic engineering
- Instrumentation engineering
- Engineering physics
- Information theory
- Mechatronics
- Power engineering
- Quantum computing
- Robotics (outline)
- Semiconductors
- Telecommunications engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
- Biomaterials
- Ceramic engineering
- Crystallography
- Nanomaterials
- Photonics
- Physical Metallurgy
- Polymer engineering
- Polymer science
- Semiconductors
Mechanical Engineering
- Aerospace engineering
- Acoustical engineering
- Automotive engineering
- Biomedical engineering
- Biomechanical engineering
- Continuum mechanics
- Fluid mechanics
- Heat transfer
- Industrial engineering
- Manufacturing engineering
- Marine engineering
- Mass transfer
- Mechatronics
- Nanoengineering
- Ocean engineering
- Optical engineering
5.4 Medicine and health sciences 17
- Robotics
- Thermodynamics
- Vehicle engineering
Systems science
- Chaos theory
- Complex system
- Complex systems
- Conceptual systems
- Control theory
- Affect control theory
- Control engineering
- Control systems
- Dynamical systems
- Perceptual control theory
- Cybernetics
- Biocybernetics
- Engineering cybernetics
- Management cybernetics
- Medical cybernetics
- New Cybernetics
- Second-order cybernetics
- Sociocybernetics
- Network science
- Operations research
- Systems biology
- Computational systems biology
- Synthetic biology
- Systems immunology
- Systems neuroscience
- System dynamics
- Systems ecology
- Systems engineering
- Biological systems engineering
- Earth systems engineering and management
- Enterprise systems engineering
- Systems analysis
- Systems psychology
- Ergonomics
- Family systems theory
- Systemic therapy
- Systems theory
- Biochemical systems theory
- Ecological systems theory
- Developmental systems theory
- General systems theory
- Living systems theory
- LTI system theory
- Mathematical system theory
- Sociotechnical systems theory
- World-systems theory
- Systems theory in anthropology
5.4 Medicine and health sciences
Main articles: Medicine, Healthcare science, and Outline of health sciences See also: Outline of medicine and Branches of medicine
- Alternative medicine
- Cardiology
- Cardiac electrophysiology
- Clinical laboratory sciences/Clinical pathol- ogy/Laboratory medicine - Clinical biochemistry - Cytogenetics - Cytohematology - Cytology (outline) - Haemostasiology - Histology - Clinical immunology - Clinical microbiology - Molecular genetics - Parasitology
- Clinical physiology
- Dentistry (outline)
- Dental hygiene and epidemiology
- Dental surgery
- Endodontics
- Implantology
6 See also
Main article: Branches of science
- Academia (outline)
- Academic genealogy
- Curriculum
- Multidisciplinary approach
- Interdisciplinarity
- Transdisciplinarity
- Professions
- Classification of Instructional Programs
- Joint Academic Coding System
- List of fields of doctoral studies in the United States
7 References
- Abbott, Andrew (2001). Chaos of Disciplines. Uni- versity of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00101-
- Oleson, Alexandra; Voss, John (1979). The Organi- zation of knowledge in modern America, 1860-. ISBN 0-8018-2108-8.
- US Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). National Center for Education Statistics.
8 External links
- Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000): Developed by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.
- Complete JACS (Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom
- Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) (web-page) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.
- Fields of Knowledge, a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this ar- ticle be visualised. - Online reference materials for any kind of specific academic disciplines.
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20 8 EXTERNAL LINKS
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