1
HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCE
AEB 411/AE 2632
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LABORATORY MANUAL
FACULTY INCHARGE LAB INCHARGE
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
lab manual for aircraft systems lab, Essays (university) of Transmission Systems
this is a document for the aircraft systems lab. Here we learn to maintain a aircraft.
Typology: Essays (university)
2022/2023
1 / 48
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download lab manual for aircraft systems lab and more Essays (university) Transmission Systems in PDF only on Docsity!
HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICAL SCIENCE
AEB 411/AE 2632
AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS LABORATORY MANUAL
FACULTY INCHARGE LAB INCHARGE
S.No Name of the Experiment Page No
INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 3
1 AIRCRAFT JACKING UP PROCEDURE^^9
2 AIRCRAFT LEVELING^ PROCEDURE^^13
3 AIRCRAFT CONTROL SYSTEM RIGGING CHECK PROCEDURE 17
4 AIRCRAFT SYMMETRY CHECK PROCEDURE 20
5 STUDY OF FLOW TEST, ASSESS OF FILTER ELEMENT CLOGGING 24
A STUDY OF PRESSURE TEST IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
EXTERNAL/INTERNAL LEAKAGE
31
7 FUNCTIONAL TEST TO ADJUST OPERATING PRESSURE^^34
8 PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE ON FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS 37
A STUDY ON BRAKE TORQUE LOAD TEST ON WHEEL BRAKE
UNIT
39
MAINTENANCE AND RECTIFICATION OF SNAGS IN HYDRAULIC &
FULE SYSTEM
42
related equipment arranged in a functional package to perform an operational function or satisfy a requirement. AIRWORTHINESS The continue capability of an aircraft to perform in a satisfactory manner the flight operation for which it was designed. MAINTENANCE An action or set of actions including inspection, servicing, determination of condition required to achieve desired outcome which restores an aircraft part, equipment in serviceable condition. INSPECTION It means examination of aircraft and aircraft components to establish conformity with an approved standard. MODIFICATION It implies the continuous process to improve the reliability of the item inconformity with an approved standard. OVERHAUL It means stripping a unit and restoring it to its design performance level after replacing/ re- working the parts to a given standard. An aeronautical engineer must have a solid foundation in aircraft systems, its principle of working and sound knowledge of the way this principle apply to various systems used in aircraft. Various systems existing in aircraft are as follows:
- Aircraft Hydraulic system
- Aircraft Pneumatic system
- Air-conditioning and Pressurization
- Oxygen System
- Fire Protection System
- De-icing and Anti icing system
- Water / Waste system
- Navigation/Communication system
- Electrical System
- Instrument System
- Aircraft Armament System
- Aircraft Power Plant System AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE CHECKS Checks are periodical inspection and servicing are one of the most important function of aviation management. As the aircraft grows in complexity, it becomes more important to detect any possible trouble before it gets serious. To assist this, Aero Engineers and technicians are provided with detailed checklist and servicing manuals for each type of aircraft. It is must and mandatory for engineer to check the maintenance manual concerned to specific aircraft, before
carrying out any work on the particular aircraft. The inspection may be carried out on the basis of aircraft calendar hours / flying hours / number of landings. DAILY INSPECTION It is carried out on aircraft before its flight of day, transit halt and last sortie of the day and is called as:
- Pre-flight checks
- Transit halt inspection
- After flight servicing
- Aircraft Maintenance Checks. Maintenance checks and periodic inspection have to be done on certain amount of time and usage. Airlines usually refer these checks as one of the following A check, B check, C check & D check ‘A’ CHECK This is the next higher level of scheduled maintenance. This is performed approximately every 500 - 800 flight hours and is normally accomplished at a designated maintenance station in the route structure and includes the opening of access panels to check and service certain items. Some limited special tooling, servicing, and test equipment is required. The 'A' check includes the lower check, i.e. Daily check. Examples of 'A' check items include:
- General external visual inspection of aircraft structure for evidence of damage, deformation, corrosion, missing parts
- Check crew oxygen system pressure
- Operationally check emergency lights
- Lubricate nose gear retract actuator
- Check parking brake accumulator pressure
- Perform Built-in Test Equipment (BITE) test of Flap/Slat Electronics Unit ‘B’ CHECK This is a slightly more detailed check of components and systems. Special equipment and tests may be required. It does not involve, however, detailed disassembly or removal of components. This is performed approximately every 3-6 months. It is usually done in 1-3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurrence schedule applies to the B check as to the A check.
HEAVY CHECKS
includes the lower checks, i.e. 'A,' 'B,' 'C,' and Daily checks. This check removes the airplane from service for 20 or more days. Examples of 'D' check items include:
- Inspect stabilizer attach bolts
- Inspect floor beams
- Detailed inspection of wing box structure STORAGE SERVICING When the aircraft is not flown for specific periods, the following servicing activities are carried out. ➢ Lubrication at attachment points ➢ Fuel turn-over on aircraft (De-fuelling and Fuelling) ➢ Wheel rotation ➢ Cleaning and inspection of windscreen and windows ➢ Anti-corrosive treatment at required places. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING ARICRAFT HYDRAULIC, PNEUMATIC & OXYGEN SYSTEMS AIRCRAFT GROUND HANDLING PROCEDURE
The following safety precautions are to be followed while handling the aircraft on ground. ➢ Secure the aircraft or unpicket the aircraft. (a) Removal / Fitment of all covers / blanking (b) Removal of chocks and picketing blocks (c) Place the ladders in appropriate place. ➢ Inside the cabin, check the electrical supply ➢ Check all armament related control system switches are in OFF position and safety latches are in safe position. ➢ Remove all ground locks of aircraft control surfaces. ➢ Ensure that the aircraft landing gear lever is in down position. ➢ Never lower the aircraft without proper authority. ➢ Aircraft towing speed should not exceed normal walking speed. ➢ Never drop any tools on the aircraft ➢ Always draw the tools by making proper endorsement. ➢ On completion of work, it is always recommended to count the tools and return it to the store. AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ▪ Never allow different grades of hydraulic fluids to mix as chemical reactions my occur and the fire resistant qualities may be reduced and in turn damage the system components. ▪ It is mandatory to refer the aircraft servicing manual before attempting any rectification on aircraft hydraulic system. ▪ Carry out patch test and flow test to ensure the hydraulic fluid is not contaminated. ▪ Blank all pores, pipe lines of the removed hydraulic components and put an identification slip. ▪ Ensure the hydraulic system pressure is released before attempting to remove any hydraulic system components. AIRCRAFT PNEUMATIC SYSTEM ❖ Refer the maintenance manual before carrying out any job on aircrafts pneumatic system. ❖ Blank all pores, pipe lines of the removed pneumatic components and put an identification slip. ❖ Ensure the pneumatic system pressure is released before attempting to remove any pneumatic system components. ❖ Never allow any lubricants to contact with pneumatic system.
- During servicing and Inspection
- Heavy landing as reported by the pilot
- During rigging of an aircraft
- During rectification of main and nose wheels/brakes/shock struts REQUIREMENTS Man hours : 03 hrs Man power : 3+ DOCUMENTS
- Aircraft Maintenance Manual
- Aircraft Check List EQUIPMENTS Bottle/Tripod Jacks Wheel Chocks Aircraft Ladder Trestle THEORY For maintenance activities such as rigging, leveling, retraction test, functional check, wheel change, brake assembly change and any other major component change the aircraft must be jacked up properly. The jacking up can be either single point lifting or by 3 points or by 4 points by using bottle jack, tripod jacks either by manual or hydraulically operated screw jacks.
PRECAUTIONS
- Ensure that the locking mechanism of the jacks are is OFF position before lowering the aircraft from jacks.
- No loose items, panels, ground equipments; vehicles are placed near the vicinity of aircraft.
- External power cables/hoses should be disconnected while lowering the aircraft from jacks.
- Before lowering the aircraft from jacks, ensure that the aircraft’s brakes are in OFF condition.
- Place the chocks to all the wheels as soon as the aircraft is jacked down. RESULT Thus the aircraft is jacked up/down using the tripod/screw jacks as per AMM/ASM. EXPT: 02 AIRCRAFT LEVELING PROCEDURE AIM
To keep the aircraft in level both laterally and longitudinally on ground for carrying out various checks. THEORY Leveling of an aircraft is placing the aircraft in its rigging position by means of lifting the aircraft by hydraulic/screw jacks so as to enable the aircraft leveled both laterally and longitudinally by using leveling boards, spirit level. Leveling can be achieved by different methods depending upon the different type of aircraft such as:
- STRAIGHT EDGE AND SPIRIT LEVEL METHOD (for light weight aircraft)
- GRIT PLATE AND PLUMB BOB METHOD
- ENGINEER’S TRANSIT METHOD (for supersonic aircraft) As the procedure differs from one aircraft to another refer the respective AMM for the sequence of operation and the required leveling instruments. STRAIGHT EDGE AND SPIRIT LEVEL METHOD OCCASIONS ➢ Replacement or removal of heavy components ➢ Assembly or erection of new aircraft ➢ Symmetry checks ➢ Rigging checks ➢ As and when recommended by manufacturer / competent authority REQUIREMENTS ➢ Man Hours : 3 hrs ➢ Man power : 3 + 1 (approved AME only) ➢ Document : AMM, Aircraft Rigging Chart ➢ Equipments : Set of Jacks, Platforms, Ladders, Leveling Boards, Spirit Level, Trestle LEVELLING OF AIRCRAFT USING STRAIGHT EDGE AND SPIRIT LEVEL
PROCEDURE
- Ensure that the aircraft is jacked up properly.
- Place the trestle where ever applicable
- Place the longitudinal leveling board on the longitudinal leveling point (as mentioned in AMM).
- Place the spirit level over the board after checking its accuracy and adjust the tail trestle/nose jack to bring the bubble to centre of the spirit level.
- Place the lateral leveling board on the lateral leveling point (as mentioned in AMM).
- Place the spirit level over the board and adjust either of the main jack to bring the bubble to centre of the spirit level.
- After ensuring the aircraft is leveled laterally recheck that the aircraft is leveled longitudinally. RESULT Thus the aircraft is leveled both laterally and longitudinally for further checks. EXPERIMENT: 3 AIRCRAFT CONTROL RIGGING CHECKS
EXPT: 3
CONTROL SYSTEM RIGGING CHECK PROCEDURE
AIM
PROCEDURE:
Note:- Refer the relevant Maintenance Manual prior to the commencement of the activity.
- Ensure that the aircraft is jacked up properly as per procedure.
- Ensure that the aircraft is leveled both longitudinally and laterally as per procedure.
- Keep the control column in neutral position and ensure that the control surface (say, elevator) is also in neutral position (0 degree).
- If not, align the rigging hole with the control column and insert rigging pin to lock the control column in neutral position.
- Disconnect the control linkages (elevator) to the control column and to the control surface at appropriate points
- Now adjust the control linkages (elevator) to align the rigging pin holes and bring the control surface to neutral position.
- At this stage insert the rigging pins and connect all the linkages.
- Ensure that the control surface is aligned with the neutral position marking and the gauge in the cockpit shows that the control surface is at 0 degree.
- Now remove all the rigging pins and fix the protractors on the control surface (elevator) and check the range of movements.
- If the range of movement is within the limit remove the protractors and offer the aircraft for flying.
RESULT
Thus the control checks on the aircraft is carried out and found the range of movements are within limits and necessary entry is made on the relevant aircraft document. EXPT: 04