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AKU B.E./B.Tech EE Sem 3
syllabus
Electrical Circuit Analysis
PCC-EE01 Electrical Circuit Analysis 4 credits Module 1: Network Theorems Superposition theorem, Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Compensation theorem. Analysis with dependent current and voltage sources. Node and Mesh Analysis. Concept of duality and dual networks. Module 2: Solution of First and Second order networks Solution of first and second order differential equations for Series and parallel R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits, initial and final conditions in network elements, forced and free response, time constants, steady state and transient state response. Module 3: Sinusoidal steady state analysis Representation of sine function as rotating phasor, phasor diagrams, impedances and admittances, AC circuit analysis, effective or RMS values, average power and complex power. Three-phase circuits. Mutual coupled circuits, Dot Convention in coupled circuits, Ideal Transformer. Module 4: Electrical Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transforms Review of Laplace Transform, Analysis of electrical circuits using Laplace Transform for standard inputs, convolution integral, inverse Laplace transform, transformed network with initial conditions. Transfer function representation. Poles and Zeros. Frequency response (magnitude and phase plots), series and parallel resonances Module 5: Two Port Network and Network Functions Two Port Networks, terminal pairs, relationship of two port variables,
impedance parameters, admittance parameters, transmission parameters and hybrid parameters, interconnections of two port networks. Text / References:
- M. E. Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, Prentice Hall, 2006.
- D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems”, New Age International Publications, 1998.
- W. H. Hayt and J. E. Kemmerly, “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education, 2013.
- C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku, “Electric Circuits”, McGraw Hill Education, 2004.
- K. V. V. Murthy and M. S. Kamath, “Basic Circuit Analysis”, Jaico Publishers, 1999.
Analog Electronic Circuits
PCC-EE03 Analog Electronic Circuits 3 credits Module 1: Diode circuits P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics of a diode; review of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, Zener diodes, clamping and clipping circuits. Module 2: BJT circuits Structure and I-V characteristics of a BJT; BJT as a switch. BJT as an amplifier: small-signal model, biasing circuits, current mirror; common-emitter, common-base and common-collector amplifiers; Small signal equivalent circuits, high-frequency equivalent circuits Module 3: MOSFET circuits MOSFET structure and I-V characteristics. MOSFET as a switch. MOSFET as an amplifier: small-signal model and biasing circuits, common-source, common-gate and common-drain amplifiers; small signal equivalent circuits - gain, input and output impedances, trans- conductance, high frequency equivalent circuit. Module 4: Differential, multi-stage and operational amplifiers Differential amplifier; power amplifier; direct coupled multi-stage amplifier; internal structure of an operational amplifier, ideal op-amp, non-idealitiesin an op-amp (Output offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, slew rate, gain bandwidth product)
element; torque as a partial derivative of stored energy with respect to angular position of a rotating element. Examples - galvanometer coil, relay contact, lifting magnet, rotating element with eccentricity or saliency Module 3: Transformers Principle, construction and operation of single-phase transformers, equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, voltage regulation, losses and efficiency Testing - open circuit and short circuit tests, polarity test, back- to-back test, separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses Three-phase transformer - construction, types of connection and their comparative features, Parallel operation of single-phase and three- phase transformers, Autotransformers - construction, principle, applications and comparison with two winding transformer, Magnetizing current, effect of nonlinear B-H curve of magnetic core material, harmonics in magnetization current, Phase conversion - Scott connection, three-phase to six-phase conversion, Tap-changing transformers - No-load and on-load tap-changing of transformers, Three- winding transformers. Cooling of transformers. Module 4: DC machines Basic construction of a DC machine, magnetic structure - stator yoke, stator poles, pole-faces or shoes, air gap and armature core, visualization of magnetic field produced by the field winding excitation with armature winding open, air gap flux density distribution, flux per pole, induced EMF in an armature coil. Armature winding and commutation - Elementary armature coil and commutator, lap and wave windings, construction of commutator, linear commutation Derivation of back EMF equation, armature MMF wave, derivation of torque equation, armature reaction, air gap flux density distribution with armature reaction. Module 5: DC machine - motoring and generation Armature circuit equation for motoring and generation, Types of field excitations - separately excited, shunt and series. Open circuit characteristic of separately excited DC generator, back EMF with armature reaction, voltage build-up in a shunt generator, critical field resistance and critical speed. V- I characteristics and torque-speed characteristics of separately excited, shunt and series motors. Speed control through armature voltage. Losses, load testing and back-to- back testing of DC machines Text / References:
- A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, New York,
McGraw Hill Education, 2013.
- A. E. Clayton and N. N. Hancock, “Performance and design of DC machines”, CBS Publishers, 2004.
- M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers, 2002.
- P. S. Bimbhra, “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers,2011.
- I. J. Nagrath and D. P. Kothari, “Electric Machines”, McGraw Hill Education,2010.
Electromagnetic Fields
PCC-EE07 Electromagnetic Fields 4 credits Module 1: Review of Vector Calculus Vectoralgebra-addition, subtraction, components of vectors, scalar and vector multiplications, triple products, three orthogonal coordinate systems (rectangular, cylindrical and spherical). Vector calculus-differentiation, partial differentiation, integration, vector operator del, gradient, divergence and curl;integraltheorems of vectors. Conversion of a vector from one coordinate system to an other. Module 2: Static Electric Field Coulomb’s law, Electric field intensity, Electrical field due to point charges. Line, Surface and Volume charge distributions. Gauss law and its applications. Absolute Electric potential, Potential difference, Calculation of potential differences for different configurations. Electric dipole, Electrostatic Energy and Energy density. Module 3: Conductors, Dielectrics and Capacitance Current and current density, Ohms Law in Point form, Continuity of current, Boundary conditions of perfect dielectric materials. Permittivity of dielectric materials, Capacitance, Capacitance of a two wire line, Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, Solution of Laplace and Poisson’s equation, Application of Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations. Module 4: Static Magnetic Fields Biot-Savart Law, Ampere Law, Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density, Scalar and Vector Magnetic potentials. Steady magnetic fields produced by current carrying conductors.
Module 1: Introduction to vectors and tensors and co-ordinate systems Introduction to vectors and tensors and coordinate systems; Vector and tensor algebra; Indical notation; Symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors; Eigenvalues and Principal axes. Module 2: Three-dimensional Rotation Three-dimensional rotation: Euler’s theorem, Axis-angle formulation and Euler angles; Coordinate transformation of vectors and tensors. Module 3: Kinematics of Rigid Body Kinematics of rigid bodies: Dentition and motion of a rigid body; Rigid bodies as coordinate systems; Angular velocity of a rigid body, and its rate of change; Distinction between two-and three- dimensional rotational motion; Integration of angular velocity to find orientation; Motion relative to a rotating rigid body: Five term acceleration formula. Module 4: Kinetics of Rigid Bodies Kinetics of rigid bodies: Angular momentum about a point; Inertia tensor: Dentition and computation, Principal moments and axes of inertia, Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems; Mass moment of inertia of symmetrical bodies, cylinder, sphere, cone etc., Area moment of inertia and Polar moment of inertia, Forces and moments; Newton-Euler’s laws of rigid body motion. Module 5: Free Body Diagram Free body diagrams; Examples on modelling of typical supports and joints and discussion on the kinematic and kinetic constraints that they impose. Module 6: General Motion Examples and problems. General planar motions. General 3-D motions. Free precession, Gyroscopes, Rolling coin. Module 7: Bending Moment Transverse loading on beams, shear force and bending moment in beams, analysis of cantilevers, simply supported beams and overhanging beams, relationships between loading, shear force and bending moment, shear force and bending moment diagrams. Module 8: Torsional Motion Torsion of circular shafts, derivation of torsion equation, stress and deformation in circular and hollow shafts.
Module 9: Friction Concept of Friction; Laws of Coulomb friction; Angle of Repose; Coefficient of friction. Text / References:
- J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, “Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics”, Wiley, 2011.
- M. F. Beatty, “Principles of Engineering Mechanics”, Springer Science & Business Media, 1986. Visit www.goseeko.com to access free study material as per your university syllabus
