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IUPUI Anatomy Exam 3 Practice Guide 2025-
- muscle fiber muscle cell
- epimysium surrounds entire muscle
- Perimysium Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
- Endomysium Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
- epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
- sarcolemma plasma membrane of a muscle cell
- sarcoplasmic reticulum Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium.
- voluntary, striated skeletal muscle
- striated, involuntary cardiac muscle
- involuntary, non-striat- ed
smooth muscle
- sarcomere Contractile unit of muscle
IUPUI Anatomy Exam 3 Practice Guide 2025-
- sarcomere Z disc to Z disc
- myosin thick filament
- actin thin filaments
- I band light band
- zone of overlap the densest, darkest area on a light micrograph where thick and thin filaments overlap
- h band middle of A band; thick filaments only
- m line middle of sarcomere
- a band dark area; extends length of the thick filaments, anisoprophic
- move closer together Z- lines during contraction
- doesn't change during contraction the A band
- Contractility ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
- Extensibility ability to be stretched
- Elasticity The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed
- skeletal muscle sentitial or multinucleated
- cardiac muscle mono or binucleated
- triad group of three, pouching in of the sarcolemma
- t tubule projection of the sarcolemma into the interior of the cell
- organization of muscle to sarcomere 5
- buccinator compresses cheek
- mentalis
- mentalis Elevates and protrudes lower lip, pouting
- orbicularis oris
- orbicularis oris compresses, purses lips
- Risorius Draws corner of mouth laterally
- risorius
- buccinator
- zygomaticus major retracts and elevates corner of mouth
- zygomaticus major bottom
- zygomaticus minor retracts and elevates upper lip
- zygomaticus minor top
- orbicularis oculi closes eye
- orbicularis oculi
- frontal belly raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
- frontal belly
- temporalis
elevates mandible retracts jaw
- digastric depresses mandible, opening mouth, swallowing, elevates larynx
- digastric
- omohyoid depresses hyoid bone and larynx o
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid depresses hyoid bone and larynx s
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid depresses hyoid bone and larynx th
- sternothyroid
- Sternocleidomastoid Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck
- Sternocleidomastoid
- iliocostalis, longis- simus, spinalis
- scalenes
order of erector spinae group that extend neck
- external intercostals elevates ribs
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals depress ribs
- rectus abdominis depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
- levator scapulae elevates scapula
- levator scapulae
- pectoralis minor protracts and depresses shoulder, rotates scapula, elevates ribs if scapula is stationary
- pectoralis minor
- rhomboid major adducts scapula
- rhomboid major
- rhomboid minor
- serratus anterior protracts shoulder, abducts, rotates scapula
- subclavius depresses and protracts shoulder
- trapezius Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm, can also extend neck
- subscapularis medially rotates arm
- teres major extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
- teres minor rotates arm laterally
- teres minor, supraspinatus, infra- spinatus, subscapularis
what are the rotator cutt muscles
- latissimus dorsi Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward
- pectoralis major flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
- biceps brachii Flexes and supinates elbow
- brachialis flexes elbow
- Brachioradialis flexes elbow
- supinator supinates forearm, lateral rotation of radius
- flexor carpi radialis flexes wrist and abducts hand
- flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes and adducts wrist
- palmaris longus flexion of wrist
- flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, pal- maris longus
- extensor carpi radialis longus
what are the flexors of the wrist
extends and abducts wrist
- abductor pollicis longus abducts and extends thumb and wrist
- extensor digitorum Extends fingers and the wrist
- extensor pollicis longus extends thumb, abducts wrist
- flexor digitorum super- ficialis
- flexor digitorum pro- fundus
flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-
flexes distal interphalangeal joints
- Obturators (externus and internus)
lateral rotation of hip
- adductor longus adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
- pectineus adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
- gracilis adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
- iliacus Flexes thigh on hip
- psoas major tenderloin, flexes thigh on hip
- biceps femoris, semi- membranosus, semi- tendinosus
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
- biceps femoris flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip
