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A comprehensive overview of various irrigation methods, including surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, and sprinkler systems. It delves into the advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of each method, offering valuable insights for students and professionals in agriculture and water management. The document also explores the design considerations, components, and operational aspects of each irrigation system, providing a practical guide for implementing efficient and sustainable irrigation practices.
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t)He uial Hethod.
te)ohape of he^ sectfon^ is^ not^ knouwn^ n^ he advan&e
itt)Kudeu Eg. 8 sed to calculate ow elocty theuouelinilabfon o^ kuttes's^ foukuloe^ aul also h coupaMatesd 0 Sn kenneclys Theauy.
fv) wolues^ o^ ot o computzklonal^
wostks.
Lacey s_kegime /heou Regme Stable hene astë huee tyfpes at Reaime TuueReganne
t) fina Regime
Tue tegane sDschauge Constant. 2.Flo Es unftoumed. 8.8lel rade and Stt chaivgp Constart. St quade Sltt Stze, SlRE chavge >Amoun
lecosucling toLacey "< Coff un cupensfon by the^ v&ulical^ component of (^) eddiles (^) gnosratek at (^) all (^) polnts nounal to (^) the (^) wellco peimafer-
n (^) lial (^) megune (^) welleod peuimalesr (^) Lp) Constant anc 3 (Slope)/ vauesl
K
T tinal sueqpmt (b,D, g) Vauies ttt pasumanent stubilty fo ocheufek
V2f-R
Heue Lacey'sSelt bctou SMt toctou f (^) 1.76 V (^) dmm d-dianeleuof' Stlt pauticles Ăźn mm. R (^) Hycsuaulic Radt/ou depth Af2-Af1uOVE V-Floo Velocity and A= Huea
V l0.8R 2
Desiveo Cgns
P- 4.75N O
40
475 VL PE18-39m
3 742
1839 V(18.39)-C.944 (24.77)S
B P- N5 D 18.39-J5 (1.26) B= 5.57m
S_1) 5/
3340 (1 5)V%
S (^) R. 18 ) 5245
Poge
LOLDbacks otacey
Concept of tue siegime u only heouital and (^) can't be (^) achieue (^) puact aley
Vaufes tgs. aue odeufAa usfng selt fackou whfh not af ol Constat
Concendabon of silt is,net taken to account siet gaaole anol slit chaugt aue not puopeul dalinë.
uailolle dlhta^ tuom^ a^ batcula (^) tyhe (^) of Chomnel.
s)The chasactexslics of ueqëne ot channel ma
mot be Same^ tou^ alU^ cĂłse3.
fage
*BastnTusgokin Ti i y bopulase uh Lrdibn.
Hnol (^) maiy wecl un (^) ndfa.
Supply chamel
Basin
Cloobunds )
Thes i a check BasĂȘn because basn ncheck ha tuangulas ou Sguasue toum.
Suppu Channe>
Rinq Bakin
Sasines aue^ tlat (^) aueas o lond (^) s (^) wwOroleol (^) bu evees
aoljacen lol
The Bass ane Lield with uates ubto a desi depth and Metain _wntake inllvate into hesoll.
70 fpes et basse aue i Check"8asie and^ Reng Basnt Ches basie^ most^ comnon^
methol h
nolia E oh^ Basine^ Cplot)^ has^ meanly,^ level^ suspce Ă„ sitalslefou manLdds:euop. Ezplepedely
Rino Baua methool uLebl ou Quoung tue
i Oucheus.
Fuwwoo Luutgatfon tuuwoDs cue 3mall chonnels whth caiu tateu down the lano slope _betzveern he Cuop uons.
The Cuop is^ uuals^ quow^ n^ udges^ 6w^ he tueoS.
Can stan cuates tau a long peutecd.
(/
-Plats
Rtdae
Y
7hhen the cwo to be quo usn ub a Such
a) As^ to^ Heguiu hunidity^ contuol^ as^
a
tobacco. b)e Cuops haung^ shallouw^ Moots.
attonn.
Components .PambĂȘng Unft,
plugs d) bendds,
Coupled (^) Lokexa (^) Riset T (^) T T
Ss_GP -Spuink le Nalyer head
-Bnd plug Maun (^) delivwn
Pum
Suctbn Prpe watre SouLH ce
lump lequteol to L wateu Juom Sousce o the Supply Ln af a clesuied pu w 3a, th at Spiinklesu at he 0temot e point also eceiies aSutiient puuwu fo spunkmq Cootev ajnol Ăuouid gpc uniounity o watetou uuuigation,
Pumbs
Centuttugal Tux bine
Mafnsi Mon Aie coufes woteu fuuon the pump.
to olkeunt ĂŸaul the^ elo^ thuoukh Sub mou anol' lateua
okeuals Useod fou Maus Aue o Plaske Steel Alwninium Con Cuet Cemnt Abestows Steel es^ a^ maunly^ useol^ taw^ peurmanent knan'Lnes.
otable mains A6 estoauL^ anod^ onciet^ ane^ not^
stlalfs (^) a
hh psuess wu Suitem
*Access.oules
. uesSLe uauge_ Lt Ă« sed to meok wu the pruessus oat olitleuet "polnts.
bibes and b'etuweeh plhes anol fttngs
3 Waten Meteu i Tt weol to mease the uate deleneuecl to mcis Sub-mains O lateuals.
.Feuil2o Applitooatou iusel to obplythe the aukilizz hfch asu souble En udatei to he Dsbufnluu at the desiuecl uate. T uual, Connectecd (^) to the mains ou (^) main pipe.
estan af^ opufakleu^ System
The (^) obfectiue ot (^) desegn of (^) shuinkleu (^) iuuiaaton Sustem tuough achieil mauëmun uugcti ehclency ok louest boss eb le anmual opeation &hd mauntownce cost. Heps ol Desan ot Spuinkleu Syc lern ö nventoyot the Huea
(oSelecbar of^ Shufnkler mozzles ot (^) sha (^) cirg
3Cahacy of^ the^ shuinkle (^) ystem
System kayout
Hyobuaulo Design
nuentoy ot the awea
Map of the auea
loboa phy
clemate Wate Sowce GA) Oualily Ouantity an d Acakikay HlvĂĄlability Depth of luigotion lTo tal Watey needed tou ewufgckon Cus auouon Iufgaton Intewal
Abplcation suate of wateu (cm/h)
Selectfbn at Spuinkled nozzles & spacina
2Ss SLI 860 -Deschauge of one Spesnkleu L/4) 8- (^) Dstonce b/w Spuinkles m) S D& tonce 6/w Jateals (m) I Applfcadon uate^ o (^) Spunkle
7otal nwm beu o1 shuunkle t6X Âź 82 Total Dscharae - Oe 75 X 32 24 /
t)TEme fou iurigation peu serond = m 25 Cm/h
Tuwaatfn Depth Aplecadron Rlte
Shlhing (^) (Gme (^) gAen as
Total Tme peu/secon d = Teme ou iugation ShiJng timé
5h
Lha =i0,000m
Huea F^16 XL0,000^ m^
2
Hue a
Then 6Ooo0 m2E
= VtGo00o 400 m
Length of the ld D&lance blw the Lateuals
No.of setttma
4OOm 18 m = 222 22 obbso /
TE kabdargs^
TEme uegusted-=22^ X5=110hu Tatal (^) days uegutecl^ LIO
=/1 day
System kayou
Su-mains anol lteudh auuL ced 6ased on aeuating omess Lw, abblfe atfor Mate, 9 eguiEunts and auwallabifhy ot labduns.
Cuop
Hubaul Desan Dschauge tuom a Shusnkleu nozzles
A.2 H
(^9) Shuokeluu (^) nozzllu (^) Dshosig (^) ms Ca Co-eiknt of dehaurge lo,95 to 0. 96) A H (^) Puessute Heaol (^) (rse
Aue (^) othe cuoss (^) Sectisn (^) thunozzl (^) m)
Jales e puead auea of the srskl. dR
R 1.35J HDm
R (^) Raclls (^) of (^) cwetted (^) axea Ceuexed 6 thi spuinklv (m)
dphlyChabmel^ and^ 6unes^ ae^
moV (^) veguvel.
7 unq uwateu anol tarestii labouuu.
bewmut mouemunt of taum machine f eakue coay
9.Toloos heblth gseouwth of higheu yelds.
plants onod thuus
10Less nfestakion all ĂŸes tanol ol'seas es
*LEmitotlans eShuĂȘnkleu System
dBtuibukon of 'wate.!
o. (^) Rpe Sott toods must be (^) ĂŸuotected tuom te
Dueh Tufaatlom
a buocess oe slow abplbadfon ot uateu on,aboe ou beneath the soil.
metes (^) Emittew (^) oi abblfoatoaus (^) ou DuĂȘbes aueplaceol close to the p lant anol usecl t SpHay wateu en the foum of oluops, tiny Streom du memiakue Shuay.
Dep Tuigalian is a loo uate, low puessuwwe tHehuent and long duuation abpllcatfon af wateu n plant HEot zone awea.
knouon by vauies names eckle lugbtfon Locallzecd Tugoton Daly tlouw Tuugatiom Duop Tuulaadfon
Components of Dal Tufaaion Systenm
Puvmp ) Pomp Untt / Pomp Set Mauns
.
8 Dufbpeus