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An historical context of the relationship between pests and agriculture, focusing on the publication of rachel carson's silent spring and the subsequent evolution of integrated pest management (ipm). The social and environmental context of the time, the aftermath of silent spring, and the solidification and ingraining of ipm concepts. Additionally, it discusses the significance of pests in ipm and the various types of tissue injury they cause.
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Norris et al. Chapter 2. Pests and Their Impacts. Pp. 15 - 45
By Wednesday, Read Norris et al. Chapter 5, Comparative Biology of Pests
Comparison of Direct and Indirect Pests
Characteristic Direct Indirect Commodity Marketable Non-Marketable Yield-Pest Relationship Simple^ Complex
Pest Status Usually Key Pest Any
Pest Group Insects & Pathogens Any
Farmer Tolerance Low Higher
Bleaching Leaf turns white or nearly so. Usually caused by using the wrong herbicide.
Chlorosis Leaf tissue loses its chlorophyll and turns yellow. May occur in spots.
Chlorosis in soybeans. Individual leaves (left) and at the field level (right).
Cupping and Curling Leaves cup up or down or they curl inward from the edges.
Downward cupping along main vein of each leaflet in soybeans caused by Bean Common Mosaic Potyvirus
Edge Feeding Leaves chewed and eaten from the edges. Feeding lesions can have smooth or jagged edges. Usually caused by insects w/chewing mouthparts.
Leaf edge feeding on rhododendron leaves by adult black vine root weevils.