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The document contains notes about pharmacology specifically it covers the topic about Midwifery pharmacology, drugs, drug evaluation as well as common drug preparation.
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Why do we need to study Pharmacology? ■ Midwifery pharmacology deals with the study of different drugs used in conditions affecting pregnancy, labor and delivery and the responsibilities of the midwife in drug administration. PHARMACOLOGY
. - It is a Latin word meaning drug knowledge. - . "Pharmacou = drug. - Ology= science or knowledge." - Greek word pharmakon= "drugs" - In the scientific study of the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs - deals with how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function - a branch of knowledge that has to do with the chemicals that have biological effect PHARMACIST - Who is qualified and licensed? Functions: - To prepare and dispense drugs - Responsible for the manufacture of the dosage form of drugs (eg. tablets, capsules) PHARMACOLOGIST - Is a scientist who specializes in the study of pharmacodynamics, employing all kinds of biochemical, physiological and other techniques. PHARMACY - Is a medical science concerned with the safe and effective use of medicines.. The study of techniques involved in the preparation, compounding, dispensing, preservation and storage of the drugs for medical use. - A place where medicines are compounded or dispensed. PHARMACOPOEIA - is a book describing drugs, chemicals, and medicinal preparations and formulas, which are standard fo preparation and dispensation of drug. - Issued by an officially recognized authority and serving as a standard. DRUG - is defined by the United States food and drug administration as a substance or agent used in diagnosis, cure, prevention, mitigation, or treatment of a disease of condition.
❖ Regardless of the designated pregnancy category or presumed safety, NO drug should be administered during pregnancy unless it is clearly needed. COMMON DRUG PREPARATIONS _1) Aerosol spray or foam – a liquid, powder or foam deposited in a thin layer on the skin by air pressure
b. Sublingual - placing drug under the tongue to dissolve and absorb into blood through the tissue there. Ex; nifedipine c. Buccal - placing drug between gums and cheek. d. Gastric (stomach) - involves the use of tube through the nasal passage (NG tube) or tube in the belly leading to the stomach. e. Rectal administration - involves solid forms such as rectal suppositories or in liquid forms such as enema. Mostly used in old patients.
2. PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATIONS 3.TOPICAL ▪ Drugs may be applied to the external surfaces, the skin and the mucous membranes. Tropical routes include: a. BENEPIDERMIC ROUTE- applied to outer skin. Ex; plasters, creams and ointments b. EPIDERMIC ROUTE - when the drug is rubbed into the skin. Ex; oils c. INSUFFLATIONS- when drug in finely powdered form is blown into the body cavities or spaces with special nebulizer. d. INSTILLATION- liquids may be poured into the body by a dropper into the conjunctival sac, ear, nose and wounds. Solids may be also administered. e. IRRIGATION or DOUCHING - used for washing a cavity. Ex: urinary bladder, uterus, vagina and urethra. It is also used for application of antiseptic drugs. PAINTING- simply applied in the form of lotion on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces of buccal, nasal cavity and other internal organs.
f. PAINTING - simply applied in the form of lotion on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces of buccal, nasal cavity and other internal organs. WHEN THE DRUG IS ADMINISTERED, THE MIDWIFE SHOULD UNDERSTAND:
- PHARMACODYNAMICS- The science dealing with interactions between the chemical components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter those systems. - how the drug affects the body ▪ PHARMACOKINETICS - involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation) and excretion of drugs. - how the body acts on the drug PHARMACODYNAMICS DRUG ACTIONS: