## 4. Tools and Technologies in Data Science
### a. Programming Languages
- **Python:** Widely used for data manipulation and machine learning.
- **R:** Preferred for statistical analysis and data visualization.
### b. Data Analysis and Visualization Tools
- **Jupyter Notebook:** Interactive development environment.
- **Tableau:** For creating interactive dashboards.
- **Power BI:** Business analytics tool for visualizing data.
### c. Big Data Technologies
- **Hadoop:** Framework for distributed data storage and processing.
- **Spark:** Fast data processing engine for large-scale analytics.
