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CARPETS
The general carpets have three components, The face The primary backing The secondary backing
- THE FACE/PILE: the face may be of synthetic fibers or yarns such as polyester or nylon., natural fiber wool or cotton. The carpet face fibers as well as its density height twist weave will affect the carpet durability. Densecarpet retains their shape longer and resist matting and crushing. They also keep stains and dirt at top of fibers. Hard-twist pile This is a cut pile with a heavy twist built into the yarn, giving it a pebbly look. It is used mainly in plain carpets, but it can be combined with other types of pile to give a textured effect. Hard-twist pile does not show shading and tracking like a velvet pile does. (Shading is the
twisting of pile, caused by footfalls or the moving of heavy furniture, and shows up as dark patches. Tracking is the smoothing down of the carpet inheavily used areas.) Looped pile The pile is uncut and is made up of a continuous series of loops. It active various textures, from a thick and knobby pile to the closelycurled low- loop pile that is like an irregular cord carpet. Looped pile is usedin Wilton and tufted carpets. Cut pile The loops of the pile are cut in such carpets. Tufted and woven carpets are produced in cut pile; in Axminister carpets, it is the only typeof pile produced Shag pile This can be produced on a tufting machine or on a Wilton or Axminsteloom. The pile is long and shaggy and has a luxurious look Woven cord piles This type is produced on a Wilton loom. The pile is left uncut, giving! A tight, corded effect. Most cord carpets are made of sisal or man-made fibers. If the fiber is of good quality, cord offers better resistanceto wear than velvet pile. Velvet pile Sometimes called velour’s, this is a close-cut pile that has a smooth, velvet appearance. It is used mainly for plain and two-tone carpets. Sculptured pile A combination of cut and looped pile gives a carved or sculptured effect. Different lengths of cut pile and of straight and twistedpile can also be combined. These combinations are used mainly in Wilton and tufted carpets
- PRIMARY BACKING: pale fibers are attached to a primary backing which hold the fiber in place. A back size is a bonding of material such as plastic rubber latex or other adhesive that hold the fiber in place.
Woven carpets A machine or looms weave the face fiber and backing together as carpet is being made. Woven carpets do not have secondary backing. The weave consists of warp and weft yarn are inter woven to form the face pile and backing at the same time. The pile may be either cut or uncut. Woven carpets are more expensive than non-woven ones, but worth their cost since they are more durable. These carpets are used in reception areas, corridors, dining rooms, and bedrooms. Wilton carpets These may be produced as patterned, cord, Brussels, or plain. Patterned Wilton These carpets are woven on a type of loom known as a Jacquard loom. This is an apparatus that produces patterns from coloredyarns. The pattern information is contained on perforated cards. The holes
in the cards activate the mechanism that selects the colours to be raised to the pile surface. The Jacquard draws up one colored thread at a time (corresponding to a set pattern of perforations to be drawn up to form the pile while the remaining threads are hidden in the backing of the carpet giving added warmth, resilience, and strength to the carpet. Once the carpet is done, the pile is cut and closed. A textured effect is often createdin such carpets by varying the height of the pile. No more than five coloursare used, since the incorporation of more colours will result in a very bulky carpet. Plain Wilton These carpets are made without adding the Jacquard apparatus to the loom. They have extra jute threads called 'stuffers' added to the backing to compensate for the lack of the spare colored yarns as filling. Cord These carpets are plain Wilton carpets with an uncut pie Brussels These carpets are patterned Wilton carpets that have an uncut pile. Axminister carpets These carpets are woven in such a way that the pile is almost entirely on the surface. Each pile tuft is individually inserted into the dead' threads to reinforce it. The pile is longer and less close than he pile is longer and less close than in Wilton carpets. le and has a distinctribbed effect. There are three types of Axminster carpets: Spool Axminster This is the most popular Axminster carpet and a single piece have an unlimited number of colours in the pattern. The carpet is woven in such a way! that the pattern is visible on the reverse side too. Gripper Axminster This carpet is like the spool Axminster carpet, the only one reference being the use of a maximum of eight colours, due to its method of creation. Chenille Axminister In French, chenille refers to a caterpillar'. The carpet is named thus since the pile surface is first produced as a long strip
polypropylene is added. If a foam backing is used, a underlay is not required. The pile is either looped or cut (high or low, or perhaps a mixture of both Tufted carpets do not fray and may be cut to any shape. To the untrained eye, a tufted carpet may be indistinguishable from a woven carpet, however Shag pile carpets are usually single-coloured tufted carpets with a long,luxurious pile. The pile can, however, look tangled and matted if it gets heavy wear. They are hard to maintain, too, since the long pile hides a lotof dust. Berber carpets These carpets have short, nubby tufts. The pile is dense and looped. characteristically made from natural, undyed sheep's wool. They are available in natural neutrals such as white, off-white, fawn, beige, grey, and dark brown. Bonded carpets These carpets are neither woven nor tufted. The one feature that distinguishes bonded carpets is that the materials used are glued, heat-fused, or in some other way 'bonded together. They are all, therefore, typically manufactured from man-made fibers. A well-madebonded carpet is hard-wearing and makes an economical floor covering with good pile. Bonding can produce almost any effect, from completely flatto a corded or velvet pile. Bonded pile carpets These generally have a pile of nylon or polypropylene, which is stuck to a PVC backing. Bonded pile carpets are also available as tiles. The dense pile has a firm anchorage and the carpets do not fray, seams can be bonded, and the carpets may be stuck to the floor. Electrostatically flocked carpets Bonding is also used for flocked carpets, which have thousands of small fibers electrostatically bonded to an adhesive- coated backing. Needle-punched carpets Another method of bonding is the needle punch or needle loom. In these carpets, a mixture of fibers is punched by
needles and entangled through a backing fabric. This fabric is then impregnated with an acrylic resin to hold the fibers securely in the backing. Knitted carpets These carpets are produced by interlacing yarns in a series of connected loops. As in woven carpets, the pile and backing are produced simultaneously. Multiple sets of needles interlace the pile, backing, and stitching yarns together in one operation. Importance / Functioning of carpet DECORATIVE VALUES Colours, textures effects designs available. Transforms a cold lifeless room into a cheerful and warm room. Gives personality to a room. Gives a feeling of luxury and richness. Helps you to appreciate the finer things in life and add to the charm of gracious living. Creates the illusion of spaciousness. Also give a furnished appearance to a room. FUNCTIONAL VALUES Sound insulation Heat insulation Comfort Safety Ease of care CARPET LAYING Laying a fitted carpet is a skilled job and is best done by the contractors. The underlay must fit and be laid smoothly and the carpet should be
- SHADING :Shading occurs when the pile in a carpet is brushed in two different directions so that dark and light areas occur .Vacuuming or pile lifting the carpet in one direction can help to reduce a shading problem,but will probably not eliminate it.
- FADING: Every carpet will fade with time. Sunlight, wear, cleaning and natural ageing can combine to accelerate color loss. Premature facing may occur if the carpet is improperly cleaned.
- MILDEW: It forms when moisture allows molds in the carpet to grow. Mildew can cause staining, odor, and rotting. Natural fibers are especially prone to mildew, but all carpets should be kept dry and treated with an antibacterial to prevent the problems.
- SHEDDING/PILLING: Short position of face fibers is often trapped in the carpet when it is not manufactured. As new carpet is walked upon theseposition works themselves to the surface of the carpet and can make a newcarpet. CARING OF CARPETS
- suitable underlay
- proper fixing
- using jute or coconut fiber mats at the front door
- covering the carpet with length of canvas and plastic
- having a movable furniture arrangement
- spraying the carpet to protect them from moths and other insects.
- Repairing frayed edges and worn parts immediately
- Cutting and pulling the pile when it comes out from the side
- Protecting a damp carpet from metal castor on the legs of furniture
- Regular cleaning and maintenance checks should be carried out
- Training all the staff regarding care of carpets
- Promptly reporting spots, spills, and tears so that immediate action canbe taken.
- Proper temperature and humidity control
- Carpet must dried immediately after shampooing
ADVANTAGE OF USING CARPET
- Add to the décor
- Gives a luxurious appearance
- Gives sound insulation
- Add warmth
- Have a non- slip surface
- Carpet squares and rugs break up a floor surface and can be turned around
- Fitted carpet make a room look larger
- Patterned carpet don’t show stains. DISADVANTAGE OF USING CARPETS
- Surface holds dirt so carpet cleaning essential
- They are cut by sharp edges and can be burnt by cigarette butts.
- They can be attacked by moths and other insects.
- Plain carpets show stains which can be difficult to remove
- The initial cost is high. CARPET MAINTENANCE
- Routine maintenance The housekeeping department must inspect the carpet in all areas. Other employee must help in preserving the carpets. Housekeeping must supervise review the cleaning procedure of hotelcarpets and ensured that they are followed. Cleaning equipment should be inspected for safe and efficient functioning.
- PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Putting runners or mats over carpet that are in high traffic areas can prevent soiling.
