Download Management Information Systems (MIS) and Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): An Overview and more Study notes Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity!
I INNFFOORRMMAATTIIOONN TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY IIPPCCCC GG--II
BUSINESS PROCESS MGMT PROCESS MEANS co-ordinate standardized flow of activities. Business process Mgmt means management co-ordinate standardized flow of activities in the business organization. Standardized means same procedure followed by the management in each and every branches.
MIS & TPS (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM & TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM)
FUNCTION OF MIS
- DATA CAPTURING
- DATA STORAGE
- DATA PROCESSNG
- DATA AND INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION
- FORECASTING / PREDICTION
- PLANNING
- CONTROL
͞MI“ I“ AN EXTENTION OF TP“͟
͞NO TP“ NO MI“͟
MIS IMPROVING - Quality of reports.
MIS provides analytical reports to improve the quality of decision making.
MIS DEVELOPED FOR MIDDILE AND TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT.
EIS DEVELOPED FOR TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT.
Definition of MIS.
The term management system refers to the data equipment program that use to develop information for managerial use.
MIS is generally in the form of computer generated reports it is obtained from TPS. Examples are make my trips, book my show tally ERP, IRCTC, RED BUS.IN etc. ATM is an example of TPS. TPS means transaction entered in the system.
OUTPUTS OF MIS.
- SCHEDULED REPORTS( Produced periodically, or on a schedule i.e. daily, weekly ,monthly)
- KEY INDICATOR REPORTS (Summarizes the preǀious day’s ĐritiĐal aĐtiǀities. TypiĐally aǀailaďle at the beginning of each day.)
- DEMAND REPORT (Given certain information at a ŵaŶager’s request.)
- EXCEPTIONAL REPORT (AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCED when a situation is unusual or requires management action.)
EXPERT SYSTEM
USER INTERFACE
WORKING STORAGE (DATA BASE OF FACT)
DOMIN EXPERT INFRINGE ENGINE (ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE i.e. BRAIN)
KNOWLEDGE Eng. KNOWLEDGE BASE
STORE
RESULT
ANY SYSTEM IS BEHAVES LIKE HUMAN IS KNOWN AS EXPERT SYSTEM. EXPERT SYSTEM WILL HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE OF MANY EXPERTS. EXAMPLES ARE INCOME TAX DEPT., AUTO CAR, and AUTO PARKING etc.
TWO MAIN COMPONENTS ARE -1.INFRINGE ENGINE 2.KNOWLEDGE BASE.
EXPERT SYSTEM > HUMAN EXPERTS BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE OF MANY EXPERTS. THERE IS ONE MORE SYSTEM KNOWN AS EXPLANATION FACILITY. INFRINGE ENGINE is the brain of expert system. It is the place there knowledge store is known as KNOWLEDGE BASE. In case user having any doubt user can ask EXPLANATION FACILITY. IF, THEN RULES IS BASED ON KNOWLEDGE BASE.
AMENDMENT NOV-2015.
TPS – TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM
TALLY IS AN EXAMPLE OF TPS. ATM IS AN EXAMPLE OF TPS.
TPS
ATTRIBUTES ACID TEST
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (K M S)
The world is moving towards directly in the direction of knowledge base system. Shift TANGIBLE TO INTANGIBLE (land, labour, machine, material TO knowledge base). EXAMPLE – Google, Apple, Microsoft. In all these companies we can understand knowledge has played a very important role. A firŵ’s gaiŶ depeŶds oŶ kŶoǁledge. It makes direct connection between an organization intellectual assets and both explicit & tacit knowledge.
KNOWLEDGE
EXPLICIT TACIT
EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE:
Explicit knowledge can be recorded, orally i.e. express. Explicit knowledge that can be formulized. It is easily available to all. Explicit knowledge is articulated and represented as spoken words. This type of knowledge codified document.
TACIT KNOWLEDGE:
Tacit knowledge on the other hand researches few for just one person and has not been captured by organization. It will not available to others. Tacit knowledge is unarticulated and not represented as spoken words. It is personal experimented and specific knowledge. It is difficult to document and communicate. Special know-how.
DATA (RAW) PROCESS INFORMATION PROCESS KNOWLEDGE.
KNOWLEDGE COMES OUT OF EXPERIENCE, THINKING.
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER.
KNOWLEDGE ŵay ǀary ďut iŶforŵatioŶ ǁoŶ’t ǀary. Information influence the way of corrective action taken. There is link between Information and Knowledge. Information is short term but KNOWLEDGE is long term. Information is the flow of messages where as knowledge is permanent. Information acquired by told where as knowledge acquired by thinking. INFORMATION WHAT, BUT KNOWLEDGE HOW. Information useful for getting the answer of what where as knowledge getting the answer of how.
TYPICAL TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM.
- DATA ENTRY.
- TRANSACTION PROCESSING (i. REAL TIME ii. BATCH).
- DATABASE MAINTENANCE.
- REPORTS.
KNOWLEDGE
Know-How,Understandind, experience,Insights, intuition and contextualization information.
INFORMATION
contextualization,categorized,calculated
and condensed data.
DATA
Facts and figures which relay something specific ,but which are not organized in any way.
BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT
”aĐhieǀeŵeŶt of orgaŶizatioŶ objectives and improvement control of essential business ŵaŶageŵeŶt.”
BPM – PRACTICES
Process owners appoint. Top down approach follow. Bottom-up approach follows. Used information technology. Rewards to employee. Outsources. We should follow best practices in the world. Continuous learning.
BPM- LIFE CYCLE
ANALYSIS (understand what is the practices in the business). ALTERNATIVES SOLUTION. CHOOSE THE BEST WAY. IMPLEMENTATION. OPTIMIZE.
BPM- TECHNOLOGY
Approaches to mapping system.
Accounting do not need to have the ability to program complex system, but it is important for them to understand the documentation that describe how processing takes places. Documentation also describes logical flow of data within a computer system and the procedures that employee must follows accomplish application task. Communicates all through documents. All the processing in the business to understand process that why document prepare. Example; Doctor to patient checking existing doctors file.
SOURCES OF REASION
- Depicting how the system works : In computerized system the processing is electronic & invisible. Therefore documentation is required. It requires helping employee understand how the system works.
- Training users: Documentation also include users guide, manuals and similar operating instructions that help people learn how an information system operates.
- Designing new system: Documentation helps system designers develop new system. In much the same way that blueprints helps architects design building. Coder follows the instruction given by designer in flow charts and decision tables.
- Controlling system development and maintenance cost: Personal computer application typically employs prewritten, off-the-shelf software that is relatively reliable, inexpensive. Good documentation helps system designer develop object oriented software, which is software that contains modular code that further avoid duplicate programs and facilitate changes when program must be modified later.
- Standardizing communication with others: Documentation aids such as ER Diagram, system flowcharts and data flow diagram are more standardizing tools and they are more likely to be interpreted the same way by all parties viewing them.
- Auditing information system: Documentation help depict audit trails. Example: when investigation and accounting information system, the auditors typically focus on internal control in such circumstances, documentation helps auditors, determine the strengths, weakness of a systems control and therefore the scope and complexity of the audit.
- Documenting business process: Understanding business process can lead to better system and better.
E.R. Diagram-Advantages:
- ER modeling is simple & easy to understandable.
- It is represented in business user’s language and it can be understood by non technical specialist.
- It helps in physical database creation.
- It can be generalized and specialized based on needs.
- It can help in database design.
Imp – ER diagram Develop of DBMS Main application (Front end).
E.R. Diagram-Limitations:
- Physical design derived from ER diagram modal may have some amount of ambiguities or inconsistency.
- Sometime diagrams may be lead to misinterpretation.
Data flow diagram- Advantages of using DFD:
- It aids in describing the boundaries of the system.
- It is beneficial for communicating existing system knowledge to the users.
- A straightforward graphical technique which is easy to recognized.
- DFD’s ĐaŶ proǀide a detailed representation of system components.
- It is used as the part of system documentation file.
II. Calculation can get very complex particularly if many values are uncertain. III. It is very easy to understand but sometimes cannot.
Decision Table- Advantages:
I. Easy to draw. II. Compact documentation. III. Simplicity. IV. Direct codification (direct coded in to a program). V. Better analysis (show various alternatives). VI. Modularity: The complex problem would require complex decision tables which can be easily broken-down to micro decision tables. VII. Non technical (non technical person can be easily understand).
Decision Table- Limitations:
I. All programmers may not be familiar with decision tables. II. The decision tables do not express the total sequence of the events needed to solve the problem.
COMMON POINTS- CHAP- 1
Advantages:
- Easy to understand.
- Easy to communicate.
- Part of documentation.
- Non-technical person can understand.
Limitations:
- Not very easy to understand.
- It could be mis-interpreted (misused).
