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BENTONITE -

KAOLIN

 Emre YILDIZ

 Şahin

ALACAÇAYIR

MAD 421 – BENEFICIATION OF INDUSTRIAL

MINERALS

BENTONITE  (^) DEFINITION

 Bentonite is a clay generated frequently form

the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting of

smectite minerals, usually montmorillonite.

 Smectites are clay minerals and the consist of

individual crystallites the majority of which are

<2 microns in largest dimension.

 Density: 0.76 g/cm

 Specific Gravity: 2.

 Appearance: Odorless Granules of Powder in

Variable Color

 pH: 8.5 to 10.

 Color: light cream

 Hardness: 1.5 - 2

 (^) USES

 Foundry

Used to produce iron and steel.

It provides good flow ability, compact

ability and thermal stability to

produce high-quality castings.

 Drilling

Mostly (60%) used as a mud

constituent for oil and water well

drilling.

Its roles are mainly to seal the

borehole walls, to remove drill

cuttings and to lubricate the cutting

head.

 Pelletizing

Used as a binding agent in the

production of iron ore pellets.

 Agriculture

Used as an animal feed supplement, as a

pelletizing aid in the production of animal feed

pellets.

 Construction and Civil Engineering

Used in walls and foundations, in tunneling, in

horizontal directional drilling due to its viscosity

and plasticity, also is used in Portland cement.

 Pharmaceuticals

Used as filler in pharmaceuticals.

 Detergents

 Paints

 Paper

 Environmental Markets: wastewater purification

 Oils/Food Markets: to remove impurities

 Cat Litter

FLOWSHEET

 Semi wet production of

activated clay with inorganic

acid mixture.

 Under certain temperature

and pressure, the water will

be activated slurry washing to

pH 4.

 Then the filter cake, drying,

grinding process, the material

is characterized.

 Rinse the slurry water will be

divided into several equal

parts, followed by washing

slurry.

 (^) ANNUAL PRODUCTION PRICE

$52 - $141 per ton

x10^3 ton Country 2015 2016 United States 4,040 3, China 3,650 3, Turkey 1,090 1, Greece 1,010 1, India 1,100 1, Iran 420 600 Mexico 470 500 Brazil 405 405 Czech Republic 369 370 Germany 395 360 Ukraine 210 210 Spain 113 115 Other Countries 2,700 2, Total (rounded) 16,200 16, Bentonite

 USES

 Ceramics

Kaolin was used for making porcelain in

the early times.

Nearly 80-85% of the total production is

used for ceramics.

Its resistance to 1750⁰C temperature

and its white color (impurities, Fe, Ca,

Mg) makes it desirable for ceramic

industry.

 Paper

It is used for filler agent, clarification

and smoothing material in paper

industry.

 Paints

 Cement

 Fertilizers

 Pharmacy

 Detergents

 (^) ASSOCIATED MINERALS

 Feldspar

 Quartz

 Calcite

 Dolomite

 Barite

 (^) OPERATION

Kaolin is produced with open pit

mining with high capacities.

 (^) ANNUAL PRODUCTION PRICE

$80-$185 per ton

Calcined:

$320-$375 per ton

x10^3 ton Country 2015 2016 United States 5,990 5, India 4,770 4, Germany 4,300 4 Czech Republic 3,450 3, China 3,200 3, Turkey 2,030 2, Brazil 1,800 1, Iran 820 1, Ukraine 1,430 1, United Kingdom 1,090 1, Spain 247 330 Mexico 320 320 Other Countries 6,980 7, Total (rounded) 36,400 37, Kaolin

 (^) BENTONITE AND KAOLIN RESERVES OF TURKEY

THANK YOU :)

Emre YILDIZ

Şahin ALACAÇAYIR