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IEEE 802.11 MAC Packet , Study notes of Mobile Computing

Summary about IEEE 802.11 MAC Packet Structure, Comparison, IEEE 802.11b, frequency, transmission power, Developments.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 09/04/2011

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IEEE 802.11 MAC Packet
Structure
Frame Control: (2 bytes). Contain several
subfields and perform many functions.
1. Protocol version:(2 bits): indicates current protocol
2. Type : (2 bits): determine function of a frame, mgmt =00,
control=01, data=10, reserved=11.
3. Subtype : (4 bits) :subtype of type field, eg:- association,
beacon.
4. To DS / From DS : (1 bit each) for differentiating of
transmission of frames among stations and access points.
5. More Fragments : (1 bits) : to remind (if) more frames are left.
6. Retry : (1 bit) : to indicate retransmitted frame.
7. Power Management : (1 bit) :indicates the mode (power-save
mode) of station after successful transmission of a frame.
8. More data: (1 bit): to indicate that sender has more data to
send than the current frame, use by an access point, station.
9. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)(1 bit): indicate that the
standard security mechanism of 802.11 is applied.
10.Order: (1 bit) : If this bit is set to 1 the received frames
must be processed in strict order
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IEEE 802.11 MAC Packet

Structure

  • (^) Frame Control: (2 bytes). Contain several

subfields and perform many functions.

1. Protocol version: (2 bits): indicates current protocol 2. Type : (2 bits): determine function of a frame, mgmt =00, control=01, data=10, reserved=11. 3. Subtype : (4 bits) :subtype of type field, eg:- association, beacon. 4. To DS / From DS : (1 bit each) for differentiating of transmission of frames among stations and access points. 5. More Fragments : (1 bits) : to remind (if) more frames are left. 6. Retry : (1 bit) : to indicate retransmitted frame. 7. Power Management : (1 bit) :indicates the mode (power-save mode) of station after successful transmission of a frame. 8. More data : (1 bit): to indicate that sender has more data to send than the current frame, use by an access point, station. 9. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) (1 bit): indicate that the standard security mechanism of 802.11 is applied.

10.Order: (1 bit) : If this bit is set to 1 the received frames

must be processed in strict order

IEEE 802.11 MAC Packet

Structure

  • (^) Duration / ID : (2 bytes): contains the value indicating the period of time in which the medium is occupied.
  • (^) Address 1 to 4 : (6 bytes each) : contain standard IEEE 802 MAC addresses. The meaning of each address depends on the DS bits in the frame control field.
  • (^) Sequence Control : (2 bytes): Due to acknowledgment mechanism frames may be duplicated. Therefore a sequence number is used to filter duplicates.
  • (^) Data : (max 2312 bytes): The MAC frame may contain arbitrary data which is transferred transparently from a sender to the receiver.
  • (^) Checksum (4 bytes): Finally a 32 bits checksum is used to protect the frame.
  • (^) * To / From DS bits : 00 = between wireless nodes without access point
  • (^) * To / From DS bits : 01 = between an access point and station
  • (^) * To / From DS bits : 10 = between wireless nodes via access points
  • (^) * To / From DS bits : 11 = between accesses points over distribution system

IEEE 802.11b

 (^) frequency:

 2,4 GHz frequency band, also called ISM (= Industrial

Scientific Medical Band), not regulated

 850 - 950 nm at infrared

 (^) transmission power:

 min. 1mW

 max. 100mW in Europe (1W in the USA)

 (^) reach:

 of 10m (IR) to 30km or more with the help of special

antennas (directional antennas)

Comparison Parameters Standards 802. 802.11 802.11b 802.11a / h 802.11g Frequency band, GHz 2,4 (ISM-Band) 2,4 (ISM-Band) 5,1 2,4 (ISM-Band) Bit rate, MBit/s 1-11 11 54 54 Use field building, territory building, territory in the buildings building, territory Deployment End 1990 actually Since 2000 Since March 2003 Available Hardware Marketable NICs and APs Marketable NICs and APs Experimental operation Pre-standard Products Data security WEP 64/128/256 bit WEP 802.11i - security approaches for WLAN (encryption, authentication); WPA - WiFi Protected Access (competition with 802.11i) QoS for multimedia- transmission none none 802.11e (Ende 2003): use of QoS-approaches; realization of multimedia applications/ Voice over IP Problematic ^ low bit rate  (^) low interoperability low bit rate National restrictions Pre-standard