HYPOTHESIS
Damodar Suar
Indian Institute of Technology
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Hypothesis: Definition, Purpose, and Characteristics, Study notes of Law of Evidence
An overview of the concept of hypothesis in research. It defines a hypothesis as an informed or educated guess that indicates the researcher's expectations regarding certain variables. The purpose of a hypothesis is discussed, including how it helps delimit the scope of inquiry, gives direction to the investigation, and contributes to the advancement of knowledge. The document also outlines the various sources from which hypotheses can be derived, such as theory, personal experience, analogies, and observation of cultural and cross-cultural values and behaviors. Different types of hypotheses are described, including those based on the level of abstraction, as well as research hypotheses and null hypotheses. Finally, the key characteristics of a usable hypothesis are presented, such as conceptual clarity, empirical referents, specificity, relation to available techniques, and connection to the body of theory.
Typology: Study notes
2023/2024
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HYPOTHESIS
Damodar Suar Indian Institute of Technology
In this topic we would:
• Define a hypothesis
• Discuss the purpose of hypothesis
• Mention the sources of hypothesis
• Explain the types of hypothesis
• Specify the characteristics of usable
hypothesis
The chief difficulties in formulating hypothesis are:
- (^) (a) lack of knowledge of the problem under
study,
- (^) (b) absence of knowledge about theoretical
Framework, laws and facts,
- (^) (c) lack of ability to utilize the theoretical
framework and existing body of knowledge
logically, and
- (^) (d) the failure to be acquainted with the
available research technique, tools and their
limitations so as to phase the hypothesis
properly.
Purpose of Hypothesis
- (^) It furnishes proof that the researcher has sufficient background knowledge to enable him/her to make suggestions in order to extend existing knowledge.
- (^) It delimits the scope of inquiry. By formulating hypothesis, the researcher confines the scope of research to variables and concepts, which are outlined in hypothesis. Fixes boundary of research. It reduces the theoretical and empirical complexities by confining the study to the variables and constructs incorporated in the hypothesis. It avoids confusion.
- (^) It gives direction to an investigation. Guide the researcher to collect data and do analysis relevant to incorporated variables in hypotheses.
- (^) Testing hypothesis, adds to the advancement of knowledge: by filling gaps, adding new propositions to theories, modifying earlier theories, settling controversies, replacing earlier findings, etc. It structures the next phase in the investigation and, therefore, furnishes continuity to the examination of the problem.
Types of hypothesis
- (^) Hypothesis can be classified into three categories
based on the level of abstraction.
- (^) (a) Some hypothesis tests the existence of
empirical uniformities. Represent the examination
of commonsense propositions.
- (^) (b) Some hypotheses are concerned with complex
ideal type. Growth centre theory.
- (^) ( c) Some hypotheses are concerned with the
relation of analytic variables. Change in property
of one variable changes the property of another
variable. Education - fertility
- (^) TYPES OF HYPOTHESES: Hypotheses can be classified in terms of their derivation (inductive and deductive hypotheses) and in terms of their formulation (research - directional and non-directional and statistical or null hypotheses).
- (^) RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS : It is a relationship between variables and indicates the nature of the relationship. If A is valid, B follows ...
- (^) If you hit a child with a chain, he/she will cry. Schools in which pupil-teacher relations are open/friendly will have less unrest than comparable schools where pupil-teacher relations are closed/tense.
- (^) NULL HYPOTHESIS:" You are wrong, there is no relation; disprove me if you can" (Kerlinger, 1973)
- (^) There is no difference between pupil-teacher relations in unrest schools and pupil-teacher relations in comparable schools which experience no unrest.
gion of Acceptance of Null Hypothesis 95% area .025. Region of Rejection of Null Hypothesis
- (^) Smaller area of rejection of H
- (^) Accept H0: Type II Error Small area of rejection of H
- (^) Accept H0: Type II Large area of rejection of H
- (^) Reject H0: Type I Error
- (^) 4. A hypothesis should be related to available techniques. We should not formulate hypothesis, which at present are too complex to be handled by contemporary techniques.
- (^) 5. The hypothesis should be related to body of theory. A science can be a cumulative only by building on an existing body of fact and theory. It cannot develop if each study is an isolated survey.