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Hybrid Sterility - Integrated Pest Management - Handout, Exercises of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information TechnologyPest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture handout are: Hybrid Sterility, Microbially, Genetic Manipulation, Cytoplasmic Incompatibility, Wolbachia in Lower Flies, Physical and Mechanical Tactics, Environmental Modifications, Exclusion in Structures, Arthropods, Physical Excl

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

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3. Hybrid Sterility
• Males & Females of different strains can produce non-viable
offspring
• Incompatible strains can be generated through several ways
– Direct genetic manipulation (“Transposable Elements”)
– Microbially-mediated (Cytoplasmic Incompatibility)
Example: Wolbachia in lower flies
Physical & Mechanical Tactics
Main Categories
• Environmental Modification
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3. Hybrid Sterility

  • Males & Females of different strains can produce non-viable

offspring

  • Incompatible strains can be generated through several ways
    • Direct genetic manipulation (“Transposable Elements”)
    • Microbially-mediated (Cytoplasmic Incompatibility)

Example: Wolbachia in lower flies

Physical & Mechanical Tactics

Main Categories

  • Environmental Modification
  • Physical Exclusion
  • Direct control of pest individuals

Environmental Modifications in Structures

  • Eliminate conditions conducive to a pest infestation will reduce pest attractions to a particular area.
  • These include:
    • Removing the breeding source if possible,
    • Eliminating moisture conditions,
    • Eliminating harborages,
    • Cutting back shrubs and tree limbs next to buildings,
    • Using proper lighting (light management) to draw night flying insects away from the property. Environmental Modification Categories

Exclusion in Structures

  • Doors fit & seal, windows screened, both kept shut.
  • Caulking & other sealants used at:
    • Utility entrances (plumbing, electrical, sewer)
    • Exterior (wood trim, brick mortar, foundation cracks & crevices).
  • Isolation of deliveries & waste.

Birds in structures are often managed via exclusion

Physical Exclusion in Fields

  • Barriers: Effectiveness varies by pest
    • Mollusks
    • Arthropods
  • Birds
  • Mammals
  • Traps
  • Weeds
  • Arthropods
  • Vertebrates

Barrier Examples

Trap Examples -- Click on picture for more detail

Physical Controls in Structures

  • Thermal Controls (heat and cold treatment)
  • Electrocution (zappers)
  • Microwave suspect materials
  • Generally more practical in small areas than large ones.
  • Labor intensive
  • Cumbersome (e.g. must remember where traps are located & service them)
  • Inefficient (removes only a small portion of pest population)
  • Often viewed as inhumane
  • Traps are more useful as a monitoring procedure.

Summary of Non-Chemical Methods