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HMD 211 Test 4 Latest Update @ 2024
Cardiorespiratory exercise, also known as ______ exercise, uses oxygen and typically involves using large muscle groups during continuous activities. - Answer aerobic
Your body produces energy under _____ conditions during the first few seconds of intense exercise. - Answer anaerobic
When one of the three phosphates is removed from ______, ADP is formed and energy is released. - Answer adenosine triphosphate
______is stored in the muscles and is broken down to replenish ATP stores. - Answer Creatine phosphate
When participating in low-intensity activities over a long period of time, the body primarily uses ____for energy. - Answer fat
A small amount of _______ from protein can be utilized for energy production during endurance events, but their primary role is to promote muscle growth and help with repair. - Answer amino acids
Your body burns ______ for energy during every type of exercise that lasts longer than 3 sec. Intensity and duration of exercise will affect the percentage of energy that is derived from this source. - Answer carbohydrates
Endurance athletes may use a training strategy known as ____________ to maximize their body's glycogen stores. - Answer carbohydrate loading
The body's preferred carbohydrate source during very high intensity exercise for energy is ________ - Answer muscle glycogen
A block start in 50 m freestyle uses.. - Answer ATP-CP
A soccer match uses... - Answer Carbohydrates
A marathon uses... - Answer Carbohydrates
A 5-km run uses... - Answer carbohydrates
An all-day walkathon uses... - Answer fat
Sports drink is rich in... - Answer simple carbohydrates
Banana smoothie made with nonfat yogurt is rich in.. - Answer simple carbohydrates
Brown rice with veggies is rich in.. - Answer complex carbohydrates
Whole-wheat pancakes is rich in... - Answer complex carbohydrates
Grilled salmon is.. - Answer non-carbohydrate
Roasted chicken breast is.. - Answer non carbohydrate
The more intense you workout, the more your body relies on carbohydrates to fuel it. What describes the effect that intensity and duration have on glucose and glycogen use. - Answer -completely depleting your glycogen stores will result in "hitting the wall"
-lactate can be used for energy
Training your muscles to store _____ results in improved endurance - Answer glycogen
When comparing two weight lifters, the individual who can lift the heaviest weight probably has more ______ - Answer muscle strength
-A meal or snack containing both protein and carbohydrates should be consumed within 45 min of the conclusion of exercise.
________ is found in animal foods like meat and poultry, whereas the _________ form is found in plant foods like grains and vegetables. - Answer heme iron; nonheme iron
The metal and trace mineral ____ is part of several enzymes and proteins. - Answer copper
Adequate _____ is important for maintaining a healthy immune system and may aid in wound healing. - Answer zinc
______ acts as an antioxidant and aids in thyroid function. - Answer selenium
_______ is not considered essential, but it is very important for maintaining strong, healthy teeth. - Answer fluoride
The deficiency disease goiter was much more common before ______ was added to salt in the United States. - Answer iodine
______ acts as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes and also plays a role in synthesis of bone. - Answer manganese
Sodium - Answer excess intake may contribute to hypertension in those sensitive to it
Chloride - Answer this mineral participates in digestion as part of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Potassium - Answer a deficiency of this mineral may lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and an irregular heartbeat
Calcium - Answer -the body stores 99% of this mineral in the bones and teeth
-this mineral may be found in dairy products, leafy greens and fish like salmon or sardines
Phosphorus - Answer this mineral helps provide structure for cell membranes, and is part of the backbone of DNA and RNA
Magnesium - Answer large intakes of this nutrient in supplement form may cause diarrhea, cramps and nausea
______ depends on maintaining an equal concentration of water and electrolytes inside and outside the body's cells. - Answer fluid balance
Charged ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride are called _______ - Answer electrolytes
The feeling of dry mouth experienced during dehydration is part of the body's ________ - Answer thirst mechanism
consumed to allow for an equal concentration of electrolytes between intra and extracellular fluid compartments
-this state occurs when the thirst mechanism has been successful
Hyponatremia - Answer -this state can result in swelling of tissues, including the brain
-this state occurs when too much fluid is consumed in a short time
Water loss includes... - Answer -net movement of water is out of the cells
-the thirst mechanism is triggered
-antidiuretic hormone is released from the pituitary gland, causing the kidneys to decrease the volume of water used to make urine
-urine becomes darker in color
-the fluid volume in the blood is decreasing
Water gain includes... - Answer -the fluid volume in blood is increasing
-net movement of water is into the cells
-urine become lighter in color
-concentration of electrolytes outside the cells is decreasing compared to that inside the cells
Assessment of hydration - Answer -reduced saliva production can be an indicator of dehydration
-dark urine can be an indicator of water imbalance
What is true about water loss? - Answer -water loss through breathing is a type of insensible water loss
-the greatest amount of water loss occurs via production of urine by the kidneys
Farmers are sometimes paid by the government to grow ___________, which can reduce production of less commonly grown fruits and vegetables. - Answer commodity crops
All farming is part of a wide field called _________, which includes areas like food production, distribution, marketing, finance, management, and retail sales. - Answer agribusiness
Animals are often confined to a _________ to maximize the amount of weight they gain before slaughter. - Answer feed lot
The government ________ program helps ensure the production of crops like wheat, corn, and soybeans. - Answer subsidy
A ___________ conserves natural resources and can be maintained indefinitely. - Answer sustainable foo system
________ is reduced when large farms focus production on one type of crop. - Answer biodiversity
The United States is the largest worldwide producer of corn, with
