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HTML ---- Hyper Text Markup Language
Hyper Text -- Kind of a textual document in which u can hav links to other documents and HTML provides this feature
Markup Language -- One that contains special formatting commands or tags embedded in it...
HTML - Plain Text Document ...can be created using any text editor
WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get
right and left angle bracket are used to enclose a tag...there are two classes of tags
Those which appear in pair -- Statement ----most of thetags are of first catagory
Those which appear indivisually --
tags are case insensitive tags may be nested u can add as many spaces as you want...browsers ignore all extra spaces
some tags can have additional attributes... browser ignore wrong tags ...it doesn't recognize them...
comments are included as shown : <!--- Comment ---> and comments cannot be nested...
HTML Document consosts of two major portions :
Head - Contains information of the document e.g. title
Body - contains actual matter which is going to be displayed on the browser
Structure of a HTML Document :
(opening and closing of html tag is optional for most of browsers)
Structural HTML Tags :
head tag :
Three things can be nested under head
base : ...no end tag...attribute href = url e.g. <base href = >
meta : provides information about document...keywords or description about the documents which helps the search engine for indexing the documents
title : ...specifies the title of the document which appears on the title bar...
body tag :
... actual displayable information will be set under this tag
Attributes :
background = url
bgcolor = color -- sets background colour of the documenty...
text = color -- sets the default color for the normal text for the document...
alink = color -- sets the color of active links
vlink = color -- sets the color for the visited link
link = color -- sets the color for all the links in the document
How To Specify Colors : 2 ways
By Specifying Red Green Blue (RGB) Componenet : each color encoded in 8 bits...00 means the colour is turned on and FF means the color is fully on e.g. <bgcolor = "#0000FF">
By Specifying the color name : e.g.
Text Formatting in HTML :
Paragraph and Heading :
heading tag - ..... where [1 <= n <= 6] ... H1 is the smallest and H6 is the smallest
paragraph tag -
...used to separate texts into paragraph...
is optionl...attribute
Line Break : ...line following BR should start from the next line
Definition List : tag --
......
Definition Term :
Definition Description :
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Nesting Of LISTS :
When Unnumbered lists are nested browser uses different symbols defaultly for each level
When numbered/ordered lists are nested every level is numbered with arabic numerals [1,2,3,4] by default
SPECIFYING HYPERLINKS : Specified using the anchor tag ..... --require an attribute called 'HREF' which specifeis the path of the resource to be linked
Examples : Portrait Mail Me -- if mailto is specified in url...then directly a window will get opened to write a mail for the specified address
There are 2 different ways in which u can give the path of the resource in the 'href' attribute
1.Relative URL : commonly used when referring to documents on the same web site or web server examples : SaniaScore ['..' means 1 level up]
2.Absolute URL : complete path name is specified...necessary when linking to documents from other servers or website
Attributes -- SRC - specifies the url or path of the image HEIGHT - WIDTH -
HTML Tables : Tables are made up of cells made up of rows
TAGS :
,
- Table Row ,
-
......
-- provides a caption for the table...must immediately follow table tag and precede all other tags
Attributes : table begin and end :
......
bgcolor = #rrggbb or color name rules = aa/cols/roes/none - whether u want to draw the rules or lines of the tables or not border = number height = number , percentage
tag --
......
defines row of cells within table
Attributes : bgcolor = color align = right/left/center/justify
tag --
......
defines a table data cell...can contain any content e.g. image or even another table within...
Attributes : bgcolor = color Colspan = number -- Specifies the number of coloumn the cell should span [default 1] Rowspan = number --
marginheight = number name = text
Example :
Linking To A Framed Document :
Assign a name to a frame :
Specify that frame in hyperlink - the document newpage.html will be loaded in the frame abc
Cascaded Style Sheets :
1.Inline Style Sheets :
2.Embedded Style Sheets : All the definitions of style u can store at one place...or by storing it in 1 file u can import it later as required
3.External Style Sheets : this is the most powerful way...collect all styles in a separate text document and then creates link to that document
