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CDM – Executive Board page 1
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
SIMPLIFIED PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT
FOR SMALL-SCALE PROJECT ACTIVITIES (SSC-CDM-PDD)
Version 02
CONTENTS
A. General description of the small-scale project activity
B. Baseline methodology
C. Duration of the project activity / Crediting period
D. Monitoring methodology and plan
E. Calculation of GHG emission reductions by sources
F. Environmental impacts
G. Stakeholders comments
Annexes
Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity
Annex 2: Information regarding public funding
Annex 3: Detail on Baseline and Project Activity
Attachment
Attachment – I – Detail Monitoring and Verification protocol of the project in excel sheet
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Revision history of this document
Version Number
Date Description and reason of revision
01 21 January 2003
Initial adoption
02 8 July 2005 • The Board agreed to revise the CDM SSC PDD to reflect guidance and clarifications provided by the Board since version 01 of this document.
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The project also contributes to sustainable development aligned with Host Party requirement for the well- being of the country in terms of environment, socio-economic, technology, and economy: Social well being: The CDM project activity essentially reduces electricity consumption by the Hotel Sonar Bangla thus allows the electricity to flow to other important activities in the state. Electricity is one of the basic amenities always in demand due to lack of supply, hence the project contributes towards meeting the electricity needs of the people to the extent the electricity displaced for coming 10years in the state and thus leading to improvement of quality of life of the people in the state.
Economic well being: The CDM fund expected from the project activity will encourage Indian hotels for investing in energy efficient projects/ initiative and contribute towards meeting the energy demand of the people in the country.
Environmental well being: As an objective of all CDM project activity, the project also leads to reduction of GhG emissions from anthropogenic sources. None of the measure included as a part of the CDM project activity leads to depletion of natural resource or environmental degradation. Instead, the project activity leads to direct and indirect savings of fossil fuels (such as HSD at hotel site and coal at thermal power plants connected to the local grid – which are non-renewable resources) and reduction in pollution associated with extraction, processing and transportation of the fossil fuels. Thus the project leads to overall improvement of environment due to reduced usage of fossil fuels in anthropogenic activities directly or indirectly attributed to the project.
Technological well being: The CDM project activity will encourage other similar facilities in the hospitality sector to adopt small but effective energy efficiency measures to save energy and become green in operations.
A.3. Project participants:
Name of Party involved () ((host) indicates a host Party)*
Private and/or public entity(ies) project participants () (as applicable)*
Kindly indicate if the Party involved wishes to be considered as project participant (Yes/No) Government of India (Host)
ITC Limited – Hotel Sonar Bangla Sheraton and Towers
No
United Kingdom ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London (Annex I Proponent)
No
The contact information of all project participants has been provided in Annex 1.
A.4. Technical description of the small-scale project activity:
A.4.1. Location of the small-scale project activity:
A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies): India
A.4.1.2. Region/State/Province etc.:
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Eastern Region, West Bengal, Kolkata
A.4.1.3. City/Town/Community etc: Kolkata
A.4.1.4. Detail of physical location, including information allowing the unique identification of this small-scale project activity(ies): Location: All measures under the energy conservation programme have been implemented within the Hotel premises of Sonar Bangla Sheraton and Towers Unit of ITC at Kolkata. The Hotel is located at Haldane Avenue near Eastern Metropolitan Bypass Road at Kolkata (around 22° 49′ 12 ″ N latitude and 88° 12′ 0 ″ E longitude) in West Bengal State. The site is at a distance of 16 kms from Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Domestic & International Airport,Kolkata and 14 kms from Howrah Station at Kolkata.
Project Site
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A.4.2. Type and category(ies) and technology of the small-scale project activity:
The proposed CDM project includes improvement in generation efficiency of thermal energy combined with improved end use of electrical energy at a hotel building(s). Thus following two project categories selected from “Appendix B of the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities” version 07/28th^ November 2005 is applicable to the bundle project activity:
Type II – Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects Project Category - II. B. Supply side energy efficiency improvements – generation – applicable to energy efficiency measures adopted at generation end of thermal energy (steam/ hot water); Project Category – II. E. – Energy Efficiency and fuel switch measures for building – applicable to energy efficiency measures adopted at consumption side of electrical energy;
Justification of applicability of the selected project category: Project Category - II. B. Supply side energy efficiency improvements – generation The project category “ comprises of technologies or measures to improve the efficiency of fossil fuel generating units that supply an electricity or thermal system by reducing energy or fuel consumption by up to the equivalent of 15 GWhe per year. The technologies or measures may be applied to existing stations or be part of a new facility. A total saving of 15 GWhe is equivalent to maximal saving of 45 GWhth in the fuel input to the generation unit ”.
Addressing the requirement as stated above:
- The proposed CDM project involves energy efficiency improvement in the steam generating boiler system that supplies steam/ hot water to the entire hotel facility;
- The facility uses high speed diesel oil (HSD) as fuel to generate steam;
- The proposed energy efficiency measures under the CDM project activity includes: i. Installation of magnetizer for better fuel atomization that will lead to improved fuel combustion and thus generate more energy from equivalent amount of fossil fuel consumed at the baseline scenario; ii. Reuse of low energy waste heat of the flue gases exhausted from the boiler stack to pre-heat the boiler feed water and improve the generation efficiency of the boiler.(this is a proposed measure) iii. Utilization of the waste heat of the return steam condensate of the facility to generate hot water and thus reduce generation of hot water using HSD;
- The generation efficiency measures as estimated have potential to save upto 2.16GWhth equivalent of thermal energy (thermal savings in terms of fuel (HSD) energy inputs) (7.78TJ) from the baseline level of consumption, which is way below 45GWhth of annual savings limits of small scale CDM project Type II. B. – Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects.
- All the proposed technology measures have been/ will be adopted within the existing and new steam boiler system and existing hot water generating unit. Thus all the above features mentioned conforms to the criteria set under project category II, B of the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities. Hence the selected category of small-scale CDM methodology is applicable to the proposed CDM project.
Project Category – II E – Energy Efficiency and fuel switch measures for building According to this project type, the category “comprises any energy efficiency and fuel switching measure implemented at a single building, such as a commercial, institutional or residential building, or group of similar buildings, such as a school, district or university. This category covers project activities aimed
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primarily at energy efficiency. The technologies may replace existing equipment or be installed in new facilities. The aggregate energy savings of a single project may not exceed the equivalent of 15 GWh per year”.
Addressing the requirement as stated above:
1. The ITC Hotel Sonar Bangla and Sheraton Tower is a hotel unit and recognised as commercial building(s) under hospitality sector by the host country. 2. The demand side energy efficiency measures adopted under the CDM project activity leads to saving of electrical energy only. 3. The technology and the measures includes: - Installation of various frequency drives; - Retrofit of existing heat, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system to reduce unwarranted moisture laded air load in the pre-cooled air unit (PAU) by in stalling “U” shaped heat pipes that improves efficient heat transfer in the PAU pipes and thus reduce chiller load; - Retrofitting various pumps located at many site within the hotel facility; - Enhancement of the treatment efficiency of the sewage treatment unit that will lead to reduction in electricity consumption as compare to the baseline for treatment of equivalent organic load; - Replacement of electric water heater with solar alternative; This part of the energy efficiency measure under the CDM project activity has been able to save 2.12GWh of equivalent energy which is less then 15GWh/yr of saving limits of small scale CDM project Type II – Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects.
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that project meets all the applicability criteria set under the selected approved small scale CDM methodologies and hence both the project categories are applicable to the CDM project activity.
Technology: The technology measures included in the CDM project involves both state-of-art technology and new modern concept and innovative technology.
Description of each measure: a) Efficiency measures –generation side; The thermal energy efficiency measures include improvement in energy generation at high speed diesel (HSD) oil based boiler: - Installation of magnetizer at the fuel inlet line of the steam boiler to improve fuel (HSD) atomization; Utilization of low energy waste heat of the boiler flue gas to pre heat the boiler feed water and thus improve the efficiency of the boiler and reduce fuel consumption to produce equivalent amount of steam (proposed); Utilization of condensate steam of the whole facility (hotel complex) for hot water generation and thus avoid hot water generation at boiler using HSD;
b) Energy efficiency measures -demand side; The electrical energy efficiency measures include either installation of new frequency drives or retrofit of existing equipments:- Installation of three new variable frequency drives (VFDs), one each for main kitchen exhaust fan, banquet kitchen exhaust fan and air handling unit (Pan Asian AHU) of the hotel; Installation of air receiver (vertical) at pressure regulating valve in the compressed air line distribution system to automatically regulate the compressed air flow depending on demand and thus reducing compressor load and running hours;
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undertaken by the management of Hotel Sonar Bangla. The project has lead to direct savings of fossil fuel, i.e. HSD consumption for generation of steam. The project has also lead to indirect reduction of GhG emissions at the thermal power generating stations supplying electricity to the grid to which the project facility is physically connected. The total GHG emission reduction achieved by the project is about 3025.16 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent in a year (calculated after the completion of the entire programme).
A.4.3.1 Estimated amount of emission reductions over the chosen crediting period:
Year (calendar year) Actual Net Emission Reduction (tCO2e) 2006 2987 2006^2987 2006 2987 2006^2987 2006 2987 2006 2987 2006 2987 2006 2987 2006 2987 2006 2987 Total Net Estimation of Emission Reduction (tCO2e) 29870 Total Crediting Period 10 years Average Net Emission Reduction per year (tCO2e) 2987
A.4.4. Public funding of the small-scale project activity:
Till date, no public funding has been sought for the project activity. The project proponent will identify potential participants if additional funds are required in the future.
A.4.5. Confirmation that the small-scale project activity is not a debundled component of a larger project activity:
As mentioned under Appendix C of the Simplified Modalities and Procedures for Small-Scale CDM project Activities, the following results into debundling of large CDM project:
“A proposed small-scale project activity shall be deemed to be a debundled component of a large project activity if there is a registered small-scale CDM project activity or an application to register another small-scale CDM project activity: With the same project participants; In the same project category and technology/measure; and Registered within the previous 2 years; and whose project boundary is within 1 km of the project boundary of the proposed small-scale activity at the closest point.”
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The identified CDM project is being promoted by ITC Sonar Bangla Sheraton and Towers Unit. The project proponent further confirms that it has not registered any small scale CDM activity or applied for registration another small scale CDM project activity within 1 km of the respective project boundaries of these proposed projects, in the same project category and technology/measure. Hence the above criteria of debundling cases are not applicable for these CDM projects.
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- The emissions baseline is the energy baseline multiplied by an emission coefficient for the fuel used by the generating unit. IPCC default values for emission coefficients may be used.
Thus, in the case of project measures (primarily retrofit) that has been proposed at the existing as well as new steam boiler generating system, the energy baseline will be the existing and/or historic level of fossil fuel consumption to generate equivalent amount of steam at the project scenario (specific consumption). Data related to existing and historic HSD consumption for generation of steam at the existing boiler system of the hotel facility is available and is monitored daily and recorded as part of the energy management system of Hotel Sonar Bangla. Therefore, the emission baseline of the project measures under this category would be energy baseline multiplied with emission coefficient of HSD using IPCC default values for tonCarbon/TJ of HSD. The calorific value of HSD is locally available.
B) According to the selected project category Project Category - II, E –Energy efficiency and Fuel switching measures for Buildings - applicable to energy efficiency measures adopted at consumption side of electrical energy: -
- The energy baseline consists of the energy use of the existing equipment that is replaced in the case of retrofit measures and of the facility that would otherwise be built in the case of a new facility. In both cases, the electricity component of the energy baseline is adjusted for technical transmission and distribution losses for the electrical grid serving the building(s).
- Each energy form in the emission baseline is multiplied by an emission coefficient. For the electricity displaced, the emission coefficient is calculated in accordance with provisions of paragraphs 6 or 7 for category I.D projects. For fossil fuels, the IPCC default values for emission coefficients may be used.
Since, the energy efficiency initiatives have lead to savings in electricity consumption hence the energy baseline is applicable to the project. Thus, the energy baseline for a group of devices (pump, heat pipe, VFDs, etc) has been calculated as the additional amount of electricity that would have been continued to be consumed by the existing equipments before the energy efficiency measures were adopted. Accordingly, the emissions at the baseline has been calculated as the additional amount of electricity used by the existing equipments (prior to the project) of power “p” being operated for hours “o” multiplied with the CO 2 emission coefficient of the grid electricity displaced by the project.
The Hotel Sonar Bangla consumes electricity from grid imports from local grid operated by Calcutta Electricity Supply Corporation (CESC). However as per the guidance of the SMALL-SCALE WORKING GROUP panel (30th^ -31st^ March 2006)^2 , the regional grid i.e. Eastern Regional grid has been selected as project baseline grid to calculate emissions coefficient of the grid electricity.
The emission coefficient of the Eastern Regional electricity grid has been estimated in accordance to the guidelines provided under point 6 & & of the small scale CDM project category I,D (version 8/ March). The project selects the, the weighted average emissions (in kg CO2equ/kWh) of the approximate operating margin (with latest 3 year vintage data and excluding hydro, wind, low cost biomass) and
(^2) http://cdm.unfccc.int/Panels/ssc_wg/SSCWG05_rep_ext.pdf
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build margin mix of the regional grid including imports form rest of the national grids and this regarded as appropriate. The build margin has been calculated based on 20% of the present total generation as five (5) most recent build plants covers less unit of present total generation.
From the discussion it can be concluded that the energy baseline selected from the given option under the applicable project category can be applied to this particular project case.
B.3. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered small-scale CDM project activity:
In accordance with paragraph 28 of the simplified modalities and procedures for small-scale CDM project activities, a simplified baseline and monitoring methodology listed in Appendix B may be used if project participants can demonstrate that the project activity would otherwise not be implemented due to the existence of one or more barrier(s) listed in attachment A of Appendix B. Similarly, for the identified CDM project, “Energy Efficiency Measures in Hotel Sonar Bangla”, following barriers have been overcome during project planning and execution:
Barrier to energy efficiency: Investment barrier: To execute all the measures identified under energy efficiency programme, Hotel Sonar Bangla had planned to invest about INR 5.95million excluding expenses borne for hiring energy and industrial consultants, conduct energy audits, monitoring and extensive energy data management. Such amount of significant investment, spent only to save marginal amounts of energy (electricity and fossil fuel (HSD)) with a concern for global warming and GHG emissions reduction is absolutely unique in Hotel sector in India.
Further, the investment decision was concluded based on estimated savings reported in the energy audit studies. However, with uncertainties to failure and lack of knowledge on the new technology to be implemented (specifically in the HVAC unit), it is a proactive decision from the management to undertake the energy conservation project that involves huge investment and risk of operational failure of a new building(s). The estimated savings at the generation side was about 73 kilolitres of HSD per annum (approx) where as the project initiative led to savings of only 55 kiloliters of HSD per annum (approx). Similarly, at the electricity demand side, the proposed savings were in the tune of 128kW (365days of operation), however the implemented measures recorded only 93kW of electricity savings. Therefore, the investment made did not result into appreciated returns and incentive from CDM is still unknown. Thus, it can be concluded that the project faces investment barrier and is investment wise additional.
Furthermore, from the business perspective for any Hotel, it is more viable and convenient to invest on modern technology either during designing phase or during total revamping of any unit rather than make piecemeal investment in retrofit and replace options, that too when the operating system is very new. Investment returns on a large capacity addition or technology adoption shows up prominently in terms of savings and helps in benchmarking operations. On the contrary, energy conservation-initiatives of replacement and retrofit nature is not a common practice in the hospitality sector as it involves large capital investment against low returns. Thus this CDM project is invest wise additional and reduces GhG by voluntary initiative. There is no funding involved from third party.
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For measures at generation side would be to continue using more HSD to generate equivalent amount of steam; For measures at the demand side would be to continue consuming more electricity to operate at same load. Thus the respective baseline of the different measures would be the existing and or historic consumption of fossil fuel/ electricity in absence of the identified measure(s).
For measures at the generation side the energy baseline is the specific amount of fossil fuel energy consumed to generate one ton of steam. Accordingly, the baseline emission is the additional amount of HSD used in the baseline multiplied with the emission factor of the HSD using IPCC default factor. Similarly, for measures at the demand side, the energy baseline is the additional amount of electricity consumed by the piece of equipment before the project measure. Accordingly, the baseline emission is the additional amount of electricity multiplied with the emission factor of the project grid, i.e. Eastern Regional grid. Since, all the electricity conservation measures has been undertaken or proposed in the year 2004-2005, the electricity grid emissions factor of the year 2003-2004 has been selected as the base year emission.
Date of completion of baseline development – 21st August 2006.
Entity determining the baseline: PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited assisted Hotel Sonar Bangla to identify the baseline scenario and calculated the baseline emissions. Contact detail briefed below:
Organization: PricewaterhouseCoopers (P) Ltd. Street/P.O.Box: 252,^ Veer^ Savarkar^ Marg,Shivaji^ Park,^ (Opp.^ Shivaji^ Park Maidan, Next to Mayor's Bungalow) Building: 3rd Floor, A Wing City: Dadar (W), Mumbai State/Region: Maharastra Postcode/ZIP: 400 028. Country: India Telephone: + 9122 5669 1000 (Board), + 9122 5669 1496 (Direct) FAX: + 9122 5654 7804 / 05 E-Mail: URL: www.pwc.com Represented by: Title: Associate Director Salutation: Mr. Last Name: Ram Babu Middle Name: First Name: P Department: Sustainable Business Solutions Mobile: +91- Direct FAX: +91-22- Direct tel: +91-22- Personal E-Mail: ram.babu@in.pwc.com
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SECTION C. Duration of the project activity / Crediting period:
C.1. Duration of the small-scale project activity:
C.1.1. Starting date of the small-scale project activity: The real action on the project was initiated during the year 2003. The installation, replacement, and other retrofit measures were started from year 2004 (28th^ February 2004) and continued till date.
C.1.2. Expected operational lifetime of the small-scale project activity: The average equipment operation/ technology lifetime included in the project is about 15years.
C.2. Choice of crediting period and related information:
C.2.1. Renewable crediting period: Not applicable
C.2.1.1. Starting date of the first crediting period: Not applicable
C.2.1.2. Length of the first crediting period:
Not applicable
C.2.2. Fixed crediting period:
C.2.2.1. Starting date: 01/01/
C.2.2.2. Length: 10 year
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- The efficiency of hot water generator in the terms of fuel firing (lit HSD fired/hr)
- Calorific value of HSD
Project Category – II. E. Energy Efficiency and fuel switch measures for building Monitoring shall consist of:
1. If the devices installed replace existing devices, the number and “power” of the replaced devices shall be recorded and monitored. 2. Monitoring shall consist of monitoring either the “power” and “operating hours” or the “energy use” of the devices installed using an appropriate methodology. Possible methodologies include: (a) Recording the “power” of the device installed (e.g., heater) using nameplate data or bench tests of a sample of the units installed and metering a sample of the units installed for their operating hours using run time meters. OR (b) Metering the “energy use” of an appropriate sample of the devices installed. For technologies that represent fixed loads while operating, such as lamps, the sample can be small while for technologies that involve variable loads, such as air conditioners, the sample may need to be relatively large. 3. In either case, monitoring shall include annual checks of a sample of non-metered systems to ensure that they are still operating (other evidence of continuing operation, such as on-going rental/lease payments could be a substitute). 4. Published values for technical transmission and distribution losses may be used. Alternatively, technical transmission and distribution losses for the grid that supplies energy to the equipment installed may be monitored.
As described earlier, the project involves a number of implementation of retrofit measures and/or equipment replacement to reduce electricity consumption which in turn directly or indirectly reduces GhG emissions indirectly at the fossil fuel based thermal power plant connected to the project electricity grid. Therefore, the main parameters that are required to be monitored and archived for calculation of actual emissions saved by the project are as follows: Electricity consumption by the equipment that has been either replaced or retrofitted at baseline Electricity consumption by the new installed equipment (in case of replacement) or existing equipment undergone retrofit. Emission factor for the Eastern Regional grid including imports. Specification of the equipment replaced and the new equipment.
CDM-SSC-PDD (version 02)
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D.
Data to be monitored:
ID number
Data type
Data variable
Data unit
Measured (m), calculated (c) or estimated (e)
Recording frequency
Proportion of data to be monitored
How will the data be archived? (electronic/ paper)
For how long is archived data to be kept?
Comment
FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSERVING MEASURES For measures including installation pf variable frequency drive (ref – P/ No. CDM 1. 2. 3) 1. Eb
Energy
Energy used atbaseline by theparent device
KW
M
Once beforeVFD installation
100%
Paper/ Electronic
- 2 after the10 ycreditingperiod
KW readingmeasured by flukemeter and archivedin paper
- Ep
Energy
Energy used atproject by the parentdevice afterinstallation of VFD
KW
M
Monthly
100%
Paper/ Electronic
- 2 after the10 ycreditingperiod
KW readingmeasured by flukemeter and recordedin log book.
- f
i^
Frequency
The set frequency ofthe VFD in projectscenario
Hz
M
As and whenchanged undersuper vision
100%
Paper/ Electronic
- 2 after the10 ycreditingperiod
The set frequencywould be recordedby the shift in-charge in the logsheet as and whenchanged
- Ohrs
Time
Operating hours ofthe parent device
hrs
M
Monthlycumulative
100%
Paper/ Electronic
- 2 after the10 ycreditingperiod
To record timecumulative andnote the time ofswitch of/ on attime when required
For measure includes adding receiver in compressor (ref – P/ No. CDM 4) 5. Eb
Energy
Total energyconsumption onthree consecutivedays of a monthwithout the airreceiver
KWh
M
Monthly
100%
Paper/ Electronic
- 2 after the10 ycreditingperiod
KW readingmeasured byenergy meter andarchived in paper
