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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI – 590018
DBMS Mini Project Report On HOTEL ROOM RESERVATION SYSTEM Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Submitted by AKSHAY SATHEESH 1RN20AI
RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(AICTE Approved, VTU Affiliated and NAAC ‘A’ Accredited) ( UG programs – CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE are Accredited by NBA up to 30.6.2025) Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098 Department of AI & ML
RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(AICTE Approved, VTU Affiliated and NAAC ‘A’ Accredited) ( UG programs – CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE are Accredited by NBA up to 30.6.2025) Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098
Department of AI & ML
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Project entitled Hotel Room Reservation carried out by Mr.
Akshay Satheesh USN 1RN20AI010 a bonafide student of V Semester BE, RNS
Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment for the Bachelor of Engineering in AI &
ML ENGINEERING of the Visvesvaraya Technological University , Belagavi during
the year 2022 - 23. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report. The Project report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Database
Management System with Mini Project Laboratory prescribed for the said Degree.
Course Teacher Ms. Sajitha N Asst. Professor Department of AI&ML RNSIT, Bengaluru HoD Dr. Harsha S Department of AI & ML RNSIT, Bengaluru Name & Signature Examiner 1: Examiner 2:
ABSTRACT The Hotel Room Reservation System is a project implemented for Alpha Royal Hotel, which is an imaginary hotel. It provides people all Over the world with an easy and fast way to book hotel rooms online. The interface of The Hotel Room Reservation System is Web pages that can be accessed with a Web site browser. The system is implemented in PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) and HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).Users can perform room booking activities at Alpha Royal Hotel anytime and anywhere by accessing it via Internet. The Hotel Room Reservation System is an easy-to-use application. Everyone who knows how to use a Web browser can easily carry out booking, change the booking details, cancel the booking, change the personal profile, view the booking history, or view the hotel information by following its simple and clear GUI (Graphical user interface) design. II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS Page no
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1Overview of Database Management System 1
1.2 Problem Statement 5
1.3 Objectives 5
2.SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Software & Hardware Requirements 6
3 .SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 E R Diagram 7
3.2 Schema Diagram 8
3.3 Overview of GUI 8
3.4 Normalization 11
4.IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Table of creation 13
4.2 Description of Table 15
4.3 Populated Tables 17
4.4 SQL Triggers & Stored Procedures 19
4.5 Database Connectivity 20
4.6 Source code(Front End) 23
5.RESULTS 36
CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Figure 3.1 E R Diagram
- Figure 3.2 Schema Diagram
- Figure 4.1 Admin Table Description
- Figure 4.2 User Table Description
- Figure 4.3 Room Table Description
- Figure 4.4 Room_Booking_Details Description
- Figure 4.5 Payment Table Description
- Figure 4.6 Feedback Table Description
- Figure 4.7 Admin Table Values
- Figure 4.8 User Table Values
- Figure 4.9 Room Table Values
- Figure 4.10 Room_Booking_Details Values
- Figure 4.11 Payment Table Values
- Figure 4.12 Feedback Table Values
- Figure 5.1 Header
- Figure 5.2 Index page(2)
- Figure 5.3 Footer
- Figure 5.4 About us page
- Figure 5.5 Image gallery page
- Figure 5.6 User login page
- Figure 5.7 Admin login page
- Figure 5.8 Booking Form page
- Figure 5.9 User profile page
- Figure 5.10 Room page
- Figure 5.11 Invoice Page
- Figure 5.12 Booked details page
- Figure 5.13 Admin dashboard page
- Figure 5.14 Admin edit(feedback)
- Figure 5.15 Admin edit(room details)
- Figure 5.16 Admin edit(rooms booked details)
Hotel Management System
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
The essential feature of database technology is that it provides an internal representation (model) of the external world of interest. Examples are, the representation of a particular date/time/flight/aircraft in an airline Reservation or of the item code/item description/quantity on hand/reorder level/reorder quantity in a stock control system. The technology involved is concerned primarily with maintaining the internal representation consistent with external reality; this involves the results of extensive R&D over the past 30 years in areas such as user requirements analysis, data modelling, process modelling, data integrity, concurrency, transactions, file organisation, indexing, rollback and recovery, persistent programming, object-orientation, logic programming, deductive database systems, active database systems... and in all these (and other) areas there remains much more to be done. The essential point is that database technology is a CORE TECHNOLOGY which has links to: ● Information management / processing ● Data analysis / statistics ● Data visualization / presentation ● Multimedia and hypermedia ● Office and document systems ● Business processes, workflow, CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) Relational DBMS is the modern base technology for many business applications. It offers flexibility and easy-to-use tools at the expense of ultimate performance. More recently relational systems have started extending their facilities in directions like information
and organizes. DBMS also stores metadata, which is data about data, to ease its own process. ● Less redundancy − DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which splits a relation when any of its attributes has redundancy in its values. Normalization is a mathematically rich and scientific process that will reduces the data redundancy. ● Consistency − Consistency is a state where every relation in a database remains consistent. There exists methods and techniques, that can detect an attempt of leaving database in an inconsistent state. DBMS can provide greater consistency as compared to earlier forms of data storing applications like file-processing systems. ● Query Language − DBMS is equipped with query language, which makes it more efficient to retrieve and manipulate data. A user can apply as many and the filtering options as required to retrieve a set of data. Traditionally it was not possible where file-processing system was used. ● ACID Properties − DBMS follows the concepts of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (normally shortened as ACID). These concepts are applied on transactions, which manipulate data in a database. ACID properties help the database to stay healthy in multi-transactional environments and also in case of failure. ● Multiuser and Concurrent Access − DBMS supports multi-user environment and allows them to access and manipulate data in parallel. Though there are restrictions on transactions when users attempt to handle the same data item, but users are always unaware of them. ● Multiple views − DBMS offers multiple views for different users. A user in the Sales department will have a different view of the database from the person working in the Production department. This feature enables the users to have a concentrate view of the database according to their requirements. ● Security − Features like multiple views offer security to certain extent when users are unable to access the data of other users and departments. DBMS offers methods to impose constraints while entering data into the database and retrieving the same at a later stage.
DBMS offers many different levels of security features, which enables multiple users to have different views with different features. For example, a user in the Sales department cannot see the data that belongs to the Purchase department. It can also be helpful in deciding how much data of the Sales department should be displayed to the user. Since a DBMS is not saved on the disk as traditional file systems, it is very hard for miscreants to break the code. APPLICATIONS OF DBMS Applications of Database Management Systems : ● Telecom : There is a database to keeps track of the information regarding the calls made, network usage, customer details etc. Without the database system it is hard to maintain such huge amounts of data which gets updated every millisecond. ● Industry : Whether it is a manufacturing unit, a warehouse or a distribution centre, each one needs a database to keep the records of the ins and outs. For example, a distribution centre should keep a track of the product units that were supplied to the centre as well as the products that got delivered from the distribution centre on each day; this is where DBMS comes into picture. ● Banking System : For storing information regarding a customer, keeping a track of his/her day to day credit and debit transactions, generating bank statements etc is done with through Database management systems. ● Education sector : Database systems are frequently used in schools and colleges to store and retrieve the data regarding the student , staff details, course details, exam details, payroll data, attendance details, fees details etc. There is lots of inter-related data that needs to be stored and retrieved in an efficient manner. ● Online shopping : You must be aware of the online shopping websites such as Amazon, Flip kart etc. These sites store the product information, your addresses and preferences, credit details and provide you the relevant list of products based on your query. All this involves a Database management system.
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The Hardware requirements are very minimal and the program can be run on most of the machines. Processor : i5 processor Processor Speed : 1.2 GHz RAM : 1 GB Storage Space : 40 GB Monitor Resolution : 1024768 or 1336768 or 1280*
2.1.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
- Operating System used: Windows 11
- Technologies used: HTML, CSS, PHP, Bootstrap
- XAMPP Server: MySQL, PhpMyAdmin
- IDE used: Visual Studio Code
- Browser that supports HTML
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 E R DIAGRAM
Figure 3. 1 E R Diagram
HTML can also embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript which affect the behaviour and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. 3.3.2 CSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language which is used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Although most often its used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is also applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of presentation and content, including aspects such as the layout, colours, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share the formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content. 3.3.3 PHP PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but is also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor. PHP code can be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a
module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server software combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code can also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical applications. The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is a free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers, on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge. The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone into creating a formal PHP specification. HP development began in 1995 when Rasmus Lerdorf wrote several Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs in C, which he used in order to maintain his personal homepage. He extended them to work with web forms and to communicate with databases, and called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI. PHP/FI could help to build simple, dynamic web applications. To accelerate bug reporting and to improve the code, Lerdorf initially announced the release of PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0" on the Usenet discussion group on June 8, 1995 This release already had the basic functionality that PHP has as of 2013. This included Perl-like variables, form handling, and the ability to embed HTML. The syntax resembled that of Perl but was simpler, more limited and less consistent. 3.3.4 XAMPP Server XAMPP is an abbreviation where X stands for Cross-Platform, A stands for Apache, M stands for MYSQL, and the Ps stand for PHP and Perl, respectively. It is an open-source package of web solutions that includes Apache distribution for many servers and command-line executables along with modules such as Apache server, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. XAMPP helps a local host or server to test its website and clients via computers and laptops before releasing it to the main server. It is a platform that furnishes a suitable environment to test and verify the working of projects based on Apache, Perl, MySQL
It must not contain any partial dependency, i.e., all non-prime attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key. If a partial dependency exists, we can divide the table to remove the partially dependent attributes and move them to some other table where they fit in well. 3.4.3 Third Normal Form The normalization of 2NF relations to 3NF involves the elimination of transitive dependencies. A functional dependency X - > Z is said to be transitive if the following three functional dependencies hold: X - > Y Y does not - > X Y - > Z For a relational table to be in third normal form, it must satisfy the following rules: The table must be in the second normal form. No non-prime attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key. For each functional dependency X - > Z at least one of the following conditions hold: X is a super key of the table. Z is a prime attribute of the table. If a transitive dependency exists, we can divide the table to remove the transitively dependent attributes and place them to a new table along with a copy of the determinant. 3.4.4 Boyce Codd Normal Form Boyce-Codd Normal Form is an advanced version of 3NF as it contains additional constraints compared to 3NF. For a relational table to be in Boyce-Codd normal form, it must satisfy the following rules: The table must be in the third normal form. For every non-trivial functional dependency X - > Y, X is the superkey of the table. That means X cannot be a non-prime attribute if Y is a prime attribute. A superkey is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify a row in a database table.
CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 TABLE CREATION
4.1.1 ADMIN
CREATE TABLE admin ( id int(11) NOT NULL, username varchar(100) NOT NULL, password varchar(100) NOT NULL, img varchar(20) NOT NULL ) 4.1.2 USER CREATE TABLE user ( id int(11) NOT NULL, name char(50) NOT NULL, email varchar(50) NOT NULL, password varchar(100) NOT NULL, mobile bigint(20) NOT NULL, address varchar(255) NOT NULL, gender enum('male','female','other') NOT NULL, country varchar(50) NOT NULL, pictrure varchar(255) NOT NULL ) 4.1.3 ROOMS CREATE TABLE rooms ( room_id int(11) NOT NULL, room_no int(11) NOT NULL, type varchar(100) NOT NULL, price bigint(20) NOT NULL,
