Download HMD 211 Test 4 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+ and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
HMD 211 Test 4 Questions and
Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+
Cardiorespiratory exercise, also known as ______ exercise, uses oxygen and typically involves using large muscle groups during continuous activities. Ans: aerobic Your body produces energy under _____ conditions during the first few seconds of intense exercise. Ans: anaerobic When one of the three phosphates is removed from ______, ADP is formed and energy is released. Ans: adenosine triphosphate ______is stored in the muscles and is broken down to replenish ATP stores. Ans: Creatine phosphate When participating in low-intensity activities over a long period of time, the body primarily uses ____for energy.
Ans: fat A small amount of _______ from protein can be utilized for energy production during endurance events, but their primary role is to promote muscle growth and help with repair. Ans: amino acids Your body burns ______ for energy during every type of exercise that lasts longer than 3 sec. Intensity and duration of exercise will affect the percentage of energy that is derived from this source. Ans: carbohydrates Endurance athletes may use a training strategy known as ____________ to maximize their body's glycogen stores. Ans: carbohydrate loading The body's preferred carbohydrate source during very high intensity exercise for energy is
Ans: muscle glycogen A block start in 50 m freestyle uses.. Ans: ATP-CP
Ans: complex carbohydrates Whole-wheat pancakes is rich in... Ans: complex carbohydrates Grilled salmon is.. Ans: non-carbohydrate Roasted chicken breast is.. Ans: non carbohydrate The more intense you workout, the more your body relies on carbohydrates to fuel it. What describes the effect that intensity and duration have on glucose and glycogen use. Ans: - completely depleting your glycogen stores will result in "hitting the wall"
- lactate can be used for energy Training your muscles to store _____ results in improved endurance Ans: glycogen
When comparing two weight lifters, the individual who can lift the heaviest weight probably has more ______ Ans: muscle strength A higher number of weight lifting repetitions is a sign of _____ Ans: muscle endurance If an individual wants to improve _______, attending a gentle yoga class may be particularly beneficial. Ans: flexibility ________ may occur if a marathon runner drinks only water during a race. Ans: Hyponatremia Creatine is an example of a common ______ Ans: ergogenic acid Abuse of growth hormones can cause _______ , in which abnormal growth occurs. Ans: acromegaly
Adequate _____ is important for maintaining a healthy immune system and may aid in wound healing. Ans: zinc ______ acts as an antioxidant and aids in thyroid function. Ans: selenium _______ is not considered essential, but it is very important for maintaining strong, healthy teeth. Ans: fluoride The deficiency disease goiter was much more common before ______ was added to salt in the United States. Ans: iodine ______ acts as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes and also plays a role in synthesis of bone. Ans: manganese Sodium
Ans: excess intake may contribute to hypertension in those sensitive to it Chloride Ans: this mineral participates in digestion as part of hydrochloric acid in the stomach Potassium Ans: a deficiency of this mineral may lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and an irregular heartbeat Calcium Ans: - the body stores 99% of this mineral in the bones and teeth
- this mineral may be found in dairy products, leafy greens and fish like salmon or sardines Phosphorus Ans: this mineral helps provide structure for cell membranes, and is part of the backbone of DNA and RNA Magnesium Ans: large intakes of this nutrient in supplement form may cause diarrhea, cramps and nausea
Ans: diuretics The liquid that is between cells is called __________ Ans: interstitial fluid ________ occurs when the amount of sodium in the blood is too low. Ans: hyponatremia Secretion of __________ from the pituitary gland signals the kidneys to cut down on water lost via urine excretion. Ans: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Dehydration Ans: - older adults, those with vigorous jobs and individuals who are physically active are at risk for this state
- this state can occur as a result of severe diarrhea and/or vomiting or abuse of diuretics Water Balance Ans: - this state occurs when enough fluid is consumed to allow for an equal concentration of electrolytes between intra and extracellular fluid compartments
- this state occurs when the thirst mechanism has been successful Hyponatremia Ans: - this state can result in swelling of tissues, including the brain
- this state occurs when too much fluid is consumed in a short time Water loss includes... Ans: - net movement of water is out of the cells
- the thirst mechanism is triggered
- antidiuretic hormone is released from the pituitary gland, causing the kidneys to decrease the volume of water used to make urine
- urine becomes darker in color
- the fluid volume in the blood is decreasing Water gain includes... Ans: - the fluid volume in blood is increasing
- net movement of water is into the cells
- urine become lighter in color
- concentration of electrolytes outside the cells is decreasing compared to that inside the cells
The government ________ program helps ensure the production of crops like wheat, corn, and soybeans. Ans: subsidy A ___________ conserves natural resources and can be maintained indefinitely. Ans: sustainable foo system ________ is reduced when large farms focus production on one type of crop. Ans: biodiversity The United States is the largest worldwide producer of corn, with most farms located in the
Ans: corn belt A ________ is paid by a food company to persuade politicians to vote on legislation that supports the interests of the food company. Ans: lobbyist Hormones Ans: - these may be used to increase weight gain and meat production in cattle
- these include recombinant bovine somatotropin Pesticides/Herbicides Ans: - consumers may reduce exposure to these by washing and peeling fruits and veggies
- their use may be avoided in favor of integrated pest management
- these include organophosphates and sex pheromones Biotechnology/genetic engineering Ans: - scientists inserted the Bt gene into corn to make it resistant to the corn borer
- golden rice is yellow because it contains beta-carotene, which the plant can now manufacture because genes fro certain enzymes were inserted in the rice genome What is true about marketing and labeling? Ans: - most food advertising is for processed foods and packaged foods
- the term "natural" on food labels has no standardized definition
