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HMD 211 Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+
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glycogen Ans: the storage form of glucose in the body fatty acids Ans: building blocks of lipids structure of triglyceride consists of: Ans: 3 fatty acids with a glycerol backbone the majority of fat digestion occurs in the Ans: small intestine the gallbladder releases ___ into the small intestine to promote fat digestion Ans: bile high-density lipoprotein helps to...
Ans: remove cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver fat in foods contributes to Ans: texture, flavor, satiety, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins the AMDR for fat is Ans: 20 - 35% of total calories Trans fats are to be avoided because they ___. Ans: increase LDL cholesterol decrease HDL cholesterol Most trans fats are created through the process of __________. Ans: hydrogenation Heart disease develops when coronary arteries __________. Ans: narrow due to build-up of LDLs and other substances along their walls ___ can increase HDL cholesterol. Ans: regular physical activity
Dietary cholesterol is found in all of these foods EXCEPT: low-fat milk skinless chicken breast ribeye steak margarine Ans: margarine Which of the following are current dietary fat recommendations for good health? Ans: Limit saturated fat intake to no more than 10 percent of fat intake. Limit fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total calories. Limit dietary cholesterol to less than 300 milligrams daily. All of the following organs play a role in the digestion of lipids EXCEPT the ________. Ans: large intestine Fatty acids are classified by ________. Ans: whether the carbons are connected by single or double bonds the length of the fatty acid chain the total number of double bonds
Which of the following is a health benefit of omega-3 fatty acids? Ans: They reduce atherosclerosis. They lower blood pressure. They prevent irregular heartbeats. What is a good way to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels? Ans: exercise more and lose excess weight During the digestive process, most lipids are absorbed ________. Ans: into the lymphatic system Which of the following are good sources of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha- linolenic acid? Ans: soybean oil flaxseed walnuts Which of the following is likely to be the highest in saturated fat? Ans: animal products such as meat and dairy
major classes of dietary lipids Ans: phospholipids triglycerides sterols The characteristics of metabolic syndrome include all of the following Ans: high blood pressure High blood glucose abdominal obesity Trans fats are unhealthy for the heart because they _____. Ans: raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels The chemical bonds that connect amino acids are called __________. Ans: peptide bonds Proteins are digested by enzymes in the __________. Ans: stomach and small intestine
The organ that determines what happens to the amino acids after they enter the bloodstream is the ___. Ans: liver The primary organ responsible for excreting nitrogen-containing waste is the ___. Ans: kidneys A medical condition that is a genetic defect caused by a change in the amino acid sequence is __________. Ans: sickle cell anemia The recommended daily protein intake for a healthy adult weighing 165 pounds is __________ grams. Ans: 60 Growing children and adolescents are in ___. Ans: positive nitrogen balance Legumes are in which two USDA MyPlate groups? Ans: Proteins and Vegetables
fighting off the flu and other infections aiding in digestion Which of these elements is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and lipids? Ans: nitrogen Proteins act as ____________ and help to maintain proper pH in blood by picking up or donating hydrogen ions. Ans: buffers Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that develops when _____. Ans: there is a severe deficiency of protein in the diet but an adequate intake of energy Which of the following will not denature a protein? Ans: refrigerating milk Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in the body in _____. Ans: amino acid pools The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the ________.
Ans: amine group Protein synthesis is directed by a compound in the cell nucleus called ___________. Ans: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Charlie is a 22-year-old male nonathlete who weighs 70 kilograms. How much protein should he consume daily? Ans: 56 g What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete? Ans: Some amino acids are degraded and the nitrogen excreted in urine while the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen remains are used for energy, or are stored as fat. Many amino acids are used to build and maintain body tissues, make new clotting proteins, enzymes, antibodies, neurotransmitters, and other products. A limited supply of all amino acids remains in amino acid pools in the blood and inside the cells. Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may be low in which of the following essential micronutrients?
Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of ____ unique amino acids. Ans: 20 A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of proteins that bind to and neutralize harmful invaders. What are these proteins known as? Ans: antibodies Which of the following is a source of complete protein? Ans: soy milk What secretions are needed to digest complex proteins into single amino acids for absorption? Ans: proteases secreted from the pancreas and the small intestine hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach saliva from the salivary glands in the mouth What is denaturation? Ans: the uncoiling of the protein molecule by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
The side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another. T/F Ans: t Which of the following amino acids are considered essential? Ans: lysine, methionine, and threonine Submit Amino acids found in the amino acid pool __________. Ans: can be used for protein synthesis; are used mostly for building proteins. When necessary, our bodies can also use them for energy or convert them to body fat. Which of the following foods would have the lowest amount of protein per serving? Ans: fruits Which of the following plant foods have the highest quality of protein? Ans: Tofu is made from soybeans Which of the following foods provides a moderate amount of protein per serving? Ans: corn
20 different amino acids amino acid pools Ans: are stockpiles found in the blood and other cells of the body that can be used to build new proteins. acid group Ans: aka the carboxyl group portal vein Ans: Single amino acids that are absorbed in the small intestine travel to the liver via the denaturation Ans: occurs when a protein is exposed to heat, acid, bases, or mechanical agitation resulting in unfolding of the protein, through the peptide bonds remain intact protein turnover Ans: the continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein where is pepsin formed from pepsinogen
Ans: stomach where are single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides absorbed Ans: small intestine amino acids that enter the bloodstream from the small intestine travel to here; can also be converted into glucose here Ans: liver HCI denatures protein here Ans: stomach HCl is secreted here Ans: stomach Enzymes that digest amino acid chains are produced here and delivered via a duct to the small intestines Ans: pancreas
How does your body use the protein once it has been ingested? Ans: If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy. The liver uses amino acids to create glucose. Amino acids are used to create new proteins. The body uses two types of amino acids: essential and nonessential. Which of the following statements about essential and nonessential amino acids is correct? Ans: There are 11 nonessential amino acids. Foods high in iron include Ans: meats, green leafy vegetables, legumes, dried fruits, whole grains, peanut butter, bean dip, whole-wheat fortified breads and cereals. Which vegetarian protein is an example of a complete protein? Ans: soy lacto-vegetarian diet Ans: dairy products, but omit meat, fish, poultry, and eggs.
Which enzyme in the stomach is responsible for breaking peptide bonds of proteins to form polypeptides? Ans: pepsin What could result from eating too little protein for a long period of time? Ans: decreased immune function impaired healing (wound) Vegan Ans: no animal products (no meat, eggs, milk) The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined ________________. Ans: by the individual's DNA There are eight foods that account for ~90% of all food allergies. What are the top eight food allergens? Ans: MILK, eggs, peanuts, nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat
