Download HMD 211 Final Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+ and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
HMD 211 Final Questions and
Correct Answers | Latest Update | A+
Which vitamins are antioxidants? Ans: Vitamin E (fat-soluble) Vitamin C (water soluble) When exercise intensity increases, what energy source do we use more? Carbs, fats, or proteins? Ans: Carbs What is the recommended fluid choice for someone exercising less than one hour? Ans: Water is the fluid recommendation for a person exercising less than one hour; sports drinks are good for exercising over one hour Which vitamin can be made from exposing skin to sunlight (UV light)? Ans: Vitamin D (aka the sunshine vitamin) ***Which vitamin is found ONLY in animal sources? Ans: Vitamin B
Give examples of cruciferous vegetables Ans: bok choy, brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli Vitamin D acts on three organs or tissues to regulate blood calcium levels. Name them Ans: Bones Kidneys small intestine What is the most abundant mineral in the body? Ans: Calcium By what age is there no net addition to bone density? Ans: age 30- 35 The DASH diet is for people who have what medical condition? Ans: Hypertension (note: DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Pica may be a sign of deficiency in which mineral?
Most alcohol is metabolized (converted to non- toxic chemicals) in the: Ans: liver How long does it take a healthy individual to metabolize (convert to non-toxic chemicals) one drink of alcohol? Ans: 1.5-2 hours A blood concentration above ____ will result in death Ans: 0. What affect does alcohol have on the brain/central nervous system? Ans: it is a depressant Which of the following can help ease the hangover symptoms? Ans: Only time will make the symptoms go away What is thought to cause the nausea, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, sweating, and vomiting associated with a hangover? Ans: Both compounds called congeers in alcoholic beverages and dehyrdration
t/f an intoxicated person who drinks coffee will sober up faster Ans: False How many calories are in one gram of alcohol Ans: 7 calories per gram Heavy drinking can lead to inflammation of which of the following organs/ tissues? Ans: Esophagus The last stage of alcohol liver disease, which is characterized with liver cell death and severe scarring is: Ans: Cirrhosis Which body system is seriously damaged in the fetus when a pregnant women drinks alcohol? Ans: Central nervous system What is the name of the most severe conditions that can occur in children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy? These will be display mental, physical, and behavioral problems
- Energy bars risks associated with protein source supplements Ans: - protein shake powder:
- can be contaminated if not bought from fda sources
- protein and energy bars can be high in sugar and saturated fats Protein energy malnutrition two types Ans: 1 marasmus 2 kwashiorkor Marasmus Ans: extremely thin loss of sufficent calories and protein occurs in kids who are 6-18 months of age can die from diarrhea Kwashiorkor Ans: - severe deficiency in protein
- adema in the stomach (big tummy)
- water and electrolyte imbalances Factors that contribute to protein energy malnutrition Ans: - poverty
- poor food quality
- insufficent food
- unsanitary food
- mothers who stops nursing too early how do food allergies occur? Ans: the immune system reacts to proteins in the foods and that causes the reactions 8 most common food allergies Ans: fish shellfish treenuts peanuts milk eggs soy
stress (increases) Adjusting to hot or cold temperatures Fasting (slows your metabolism) Thyroid hormone BMI Ans: underweight >18. normal: 18.5-24. overweight: 25-29. Obese: 30-39. Extremely obese: < body shape Ans: mostly determined by waist circumference <40 in for men <35 in for women =greater health risks
optimal body fat % Ans: general population men: 16-21% women:22- 265 Athletic: men: 5-12% women:12-20% Obesity Ans: 69% of adults in the US are overweight or obese increases your risk for: heart disease stroke type 2 diabetes gullblader disease asthma joint problems sleep apnea
- sense of control Types of eating disorders Ans: Anorexia nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating disorder Night eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa Ans: - refusal to maintain body weight
- self starvation
- excessive weight loss
- fear of gaining weight
- distorted body weight
- menstrual cycles Dangers:
- loss of lean body mass
- low body temp
- fine hair growth
- increase risk of osteoporosis
- low potassium levels can be fatal Bulimia nervosa Ans: - cycle of binging and purging
- undiagnosed bc typical body weight and easier to hide criteria
- repeated episodes of binging
- obsession with body and shape
- self inducing vomitting
- abuse of diet pills
- diuretics
- erosion of blood vessels
- chipped teeth Binge eating disorder Ans: - compulsive overeating without purging night eating syndrome
- increases cardiac output (how much blood you pump per min)
- increases stroke volume (how much blood your pumping out per beat)
- decreases resting heart rate (how many times heart beat) Benerfits of regular physcial activity Ans: reduces risk of:
- high blood pressure
- heart disease
- type 2 diabetes
- colon cancer
- weight gain Improves:
- body composition
- bone health
- immune system
- sleep Fuel sorces during physcial activity Ans: - primarily fats and carbs
- depends on diet:
- excersise intensity: higher intensity require carbs
- exercise duration: beyond 20 minutes muscles use more fat for fuel
- degree of training: trained muscles burn more fat How to maintain blood glucose levels for endurance athletes Ans: - eat high carb diet regularly
- consume glucose during activity
- eat carb rich food after performance
- train muscles to max glycogen stores
- carbohyrdate loading protein recommendations for someone physcially active Ans: strength athletes 1.2-1.7 g/kg endurance athletes: 1.2-1.4 g/kg
- ex: swimmers and runners Fluids for physcial activity
- keep food cool vitamin classifications fat vs water soluble Ans: fat soluble
- Need bile to break them down and be absorbed in the body
- Since bile is made in the liver and fatty tissues that's where fat soluble sources are stored as well
- They can become toxic more easily than water soluble because they are involved with bile
- They are stored so you are less likely to get a deficiency The fat-soluble vitamins: 4:
- vitamin A
- vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K water soluble
- They are easily transported throughout the body
- Excreted easily
- it is not likely for them to be toxic
- more likely to get deficiency because of how easily they are transported and excreted
- Types:
- ALL the B vitamins and Vitamin C
- B vitamins: split up into their function in the body
- All b vitamins act as coenzymes: so, they help other enzymes in the body Vitamin A Ans: - best known function= vision slight impact on skin RDA: 900 micrograms, women: 700 Sources in animal products: liver, milk, egg, cheese, fortified cereals Plant based product that can be converted to vitamin A: carrots or any orange vegetables because they have beta carotene: can be less toxic if you are getting it from beta carotene Deficiency can lead to: problems with vision: night blindness and pain in your eyes, decreased immunity, stunts your growth (not the function but what the deficiency can do)
- toxicity can occur at levels over 3,
- Toxicity: increases birth defects Vitamin D Ans: - fat soluble
