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HMD 211 Exam Questions And 100%
Correct Answers
glycogen - Answer the storage form of glucose in the body
fatty acids - Answer building blocks of lipids
structure of triglyceride consists of: - Answer 3 fatty acids with a glycerol backbone
the majority of fat digestion occurs in the - Answer small intestine
the gallbladder releases ___ into the small intestine to promote fat digestion - Answer bile
high-density lipoprotein helps to... - Answer remove cholesterol from the cells and delivers it to the liver
fat in foods contributes to - Answer texture, flavor, satiety, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
the AMDR for fat is - Answer 20-35% of total calories
Trans fats are to be avoided because they ___. - Answer increase LDL cholesterol
decrease HDL cholesterol
Most trans fats are created through the process of __________. - Answer hydrogenation
Heart disease develops when coronary arteries __________. - Answer narrow due to build-up of LDLs and other substances along their walls
___ can increase HDL cholesterol. - Answer regular physical activity
___ deposits cholesterol in the walls of the arteries. - Answer Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - Answer highest percent of cholesterol
The primary lipid in the body is _____. - Answer triglycerides
Bile is made in the ______ and stored in the _______. - Answer liver; gallbladder
which foods are the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids - Answer salmon and other fatty fish
Which of the following is a function of fat in the body? - Answer enable the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
cushion the bones, organs, and nerves
insulate the body, regulate body temp
Dietary cholesterol is found in all of these foods EXCEPT:
low-fat milk
skinless chicken breast
ribeye steak
margarine - Answer margarine
Which of the following are current dietary fat recommendations for good health? - Answer Limit saturated fat intake to no more than 10 percent of fat intake.
Limit fat intake to 20 to 35 percent of total calories.
Limit dietary cholesterol to less than 300 milligrams daily.
All of the following organs play a role in the digestion of lipids EXCEPT the ________. - Answer large intestine
Fatty acids are classified by ________. - Answer whether the carbons are connected by single or double bonds
the length of the fatty acid chain
canola oil
olives and olive oil
The "backbone" of a triglyceride is a ____ molecule. - Answer glycerol
major classes of dietary lipids - Answer phospholipids
triglycerides
sterols
The characteristics of metabolic syndrome include all of the following - Answer high blood pressure
High blood glucose
abdominal obesity
Trans fats are unhealthy for the heart because they _____. - Answer raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
The chemical bonds that connect amino acids are called __________. - Answer peptide bonds
Proteins are digested by enzymes in the __________. - Answer stomach and small intestine
The organ that determines what happens to the amino acids after they enter the bloodstream is the ___. - Answer liver
The primary organ responsible for excreting nitrogen-containing waste is the ___. - Answer kidneys
A medical condition that is a genetic defect caused by a change in the amino acid sequence is __________. - Answer sickle cell anemia
The recommended daily protein intake for a healthy adult weighing 165 pounds is __________ grams. - Answer 60
Growing children and adolescents are in ___. - Answer positive nitrogen balance
Legumes are in which two USDA MyPlate groups? - Answer Proteins and Vegetables
An example of complemented proteins is ___. - Answer hummus prepared with chickpeas and sesame seeds
Consistently eating too many high-protein foods can lead to a higher risk for __________. - Answer heart disease, kidney problems, and calcium loss from bones
A vegetarian diet may be low in __________. - Answer omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins B12 and D
Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in the body in _____. - Answer amino acid pools
The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the ________. - Answer amine group
Protein synthesis is directed by a compound in the cell nucleus called ___________. - Answer deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Charlie is a 22-year-old male nonathlete who weighs 70 kilograms. How much protein should he consume daily? - Answer 56 g
What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete? - Answer Some amino acids are degraded and the nitrogen excreted in urine while the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen remains are used for energy, or are stored as fat.
Many amino acids are used to build and maintain body tissues, make new clotting proteins, enzymes, antibodies, neurotransmitters, and other products.
A limited supply of all amino acids remains in amino acid pools in the blood and inside the cells.
Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may be low in which of the
following essential micronutrients? - Answer vitamins D and B12, calcium, and iron
A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in _______. - Answer positive nitrogen balance
An acceptable main dish for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian would be _____. - Answer baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauce
stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice
a cheese and broccoli omelet
How many amino acids are considered essential to consume in the diet? - Answer 9
What food can be eaten with brown rice to ensure all of the body's amino acid needs are met? - Answer black beans
tofu
almonds
Which of the following sources of protein has the highest digestibility? - Answer pork
Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of ____ unique amino acids. - Answer 20
A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of proteins
Which of the following foods would have the lowest amount of protein per serving? - Answer fruits
Which of the following plant foods have the highest quality of protein?
- Answer Tofu is made from soybeans
Which of the following foods provides a moderate amount of protein per serving? - Answer corn
Which of the following is true about the quality of protein? - Answer Proteins from foods of animal origin are generally high-quality proteins.
pepsin - Answer is the active form of a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks polypeptide chains into smaller polypeptides.
dipeptide - Answer describes an amino acid chain made up of two amino acids joined together.
Cleavage of proteins by pepsin in the stomach results in formation of ___which get broken down further in the small intestine. - Answer polypeptide strandsamino
tripeptide - Answer 3. An amino acid chain made up of three amino acids joined together
amino acids - Answer building blocks used for protein synthesis
20 different amino acids
amino acid pools - Answer are stockpiles found in the blood and other cells of the body that can be used to build new proteins.
acid group - Answer aka the carboxyl group
portal vein - Answer Single amino acids that are absorbed in the small intestine travel to the liver via the
denaturation - Answer occurs when a protein is exposed to heat, acid, bases, or mechanical agitation resulting in unfolding of the protein, through the peptide bonds remain intact
protein turnover - Answer the continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein
where is pepsin formed from pepsinogen - Answer stomach
where are single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides absorbed - Answer small intestine
amino acids that enter the bloodstream from the small intestine travel to here;
can also be converted into glucose here - Answer liver
- Tripeptides and dipeptides are broken down into single amino acids that enter the blood and travel to the liver.
How does your body use the protein once it has been ingested? - Answer If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy.
The liver uses amino acids to create glucose.
Amino acids are used to create new proteins.
The body uses two types of amino acids: essential and nonessential.
Which of the following statements about essential and nonessential amino acids is correct? - Answer There are 11 nonessential amino acids.
Foods high in iron include - Answer meats, green leafy vegetables, legumes, dried fruits, whole grains, peanut butter, bean dip, whole-wheat fortified breads and cereals.
Which vegetarian protein is an example of a complete protein? - Answer soy
lacto-vegetarian diet - Answer dairy products, but omit meat, fish, poultry, and eggs.
Which enzyme in the stomach is responsible for breaking peptide bonds of proteins to form polypeptides? - Answer pepsin
What could result from eating too little protein for a long period of time? - Answer decreased immune function
impaired healing (wound)
Vegan - Answer no animal products
(no meat, eggs, milk)
The amino acid sequence of a protein is determined ________________. - Answer by the individual's DNA
There are eight foods that account for ~90% of all food allergies. What are the top eight food allergens? - Answer MILK, eggs, peanuts, nuts, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat
A ________ bond is formed between two amino acids in a protein. - Answer peptide
Which is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein AND calories? - Answer Marasmus
After the nitrogren is removed from an amino acid, the remaining molecule can be: - Answer used for energy
