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HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

Basketball is played by two teams of five players each. The object of the game is to score more points than your opponent. The ball is passed, thrown, bounced, batted, or rolled from one player to another. A player in possession of the ball must maintain contact with the floor with one foot (pivot foot), unless the player is shooting, passing, or dribbling. Physical contact with an opponent can result in a foul if the contact impedes the desired movement of the player. The game of basketball originated in December 1891 by a Canadian born man by the name of James Naismith. Naismith was a teacher at the YMCA training school in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was required to train young men to become instructors at newly opened YMCA centers. in December 1891 , Naismith was asked by the schools Superintendent of Physical Education, Dr. Luther. H. Gulick, to create an indoor game that would keep the young men active during the cold winter months. With the help of his wife and memories of playing ‘Duck on a Rock’ during his childhood, he decided to create a game that would focus on skill rather than strength. ‘Duck on a Rock’ was a game in which players threw rocks at a certain target placed on top of a large boulder or tree stump. How Basketball Was First Played Basketball required very little equipment to play, two peach baskets hanging 10 feet above the ground, and a soccer ball. The object of the game is to work as a team to throw or bat the soccer ball into the opposing teams peach basket, while defending a score in your peach basket from the opposition team. As you can imagine, it was a major pain getting the ball out of the peach basket when a team finally scored. Some say they used a long poll to push the ball out, others say someone was required to climb a ladder to retrieve it. Originally the game involved nine players on each team, because Naismith’s class had 18 people in it. The 13 Rules of Basketball

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.
4. The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do no touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five-minute rest between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. ⑱ ⑧ ⑧ 0

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

March 11 , 1892 The first public game was played. March 22 , 1893 The first basketball for women was played. Jan 1 , 1894 soccer ball used at the beginning A soccer ball (football) was used for the first two years. In 1894 the first basketball was marketed. It was laced, measured close to 32 inches ( 81 cm), or about 4 inches ( 10 cm) larger than the soccer ball, in circumference, and weighed less than 20 ounces ( 567 grams). Jan 18 , 1896 First College Basketball Game The first ever college basketball game was played on January 18 , 1896 , when the University of Iowa invited student athletes from the new University of Chicago for an experimental game. Final score: Chicago 15 , Iowa 12 , a bit different from the hundred-point scores of today. Nov 7 , 1896 First Professional Basketball Game (Trenton vs. Brooklyn) This was the first known professional basketball game was played in Trenton New Jersey between the Trenton YMCA and the Brooklyn YMCA. The game was played at the Trenton Masonic temple, and an admission fee was charged for admittance into the game. Each player got $15 dollars except Fred Cooper who got $16 dollars, and became the first highest paid player. Trenton defeated Brooklyn 15- to win the first ever professional basketball game. Jan 1 , 1916 Not Dribbling and Shooting to Dribbling and Shooting In Naismith's original 13 rules, the ball could be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but it could not be dribbled because players could not move with the ball. Beginning in 1910 a player could dribble the ball, but could not shoot after dribbling. It was not until 1916 , following heated debate, that players were allowed to shoot after dribbling. Jun 18 , 1932 Formation of FIBA World basketball was growing, but it was on June 18 , 1932 that a real international organization was formed, to coordinate tournaments and teams: that day, Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland founded the International Basketball Federation. Its work was fundamental for the first inclusion of basketball in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. Aug 7 , 1936 Introduced to Olympics 1936 basketball became an official sport and the United States team easily dominated the competition. The games were played outdoors on a converted tennis court, and the 1936 championship game was played during a rainstorm with 1, standing fans. Following this, the United States won every Olympic basketball championship until 1972 .The USA men have dominated in Olympic basketball, owning a won-loss slate of 122 - 5 ," Feb 27 , 1940 First Basketball Game Televised The first basketball game is televised, from Madison Square Garden; Fordham vs the University of Pittsburgh. It was over NBC's experimental station in New York, W 2 XBS. The game, in which Pittsburgh beat Fordham 50 - 37. Feb 7 , 1945 Inventor of 3 point line (Howard Hobson) Herman Sayger, a high-school basketball phenom cum coach in the midwest, came up with the idea of a three-point shot in a scoring system that rewarded distance of the shot being made; The three-point line, as well as other rule changes, were tested in a game between Columbia and Fordham on February 07 ,

Jan 1 , 1948 Basketball size changed By 1948 – 49 , when the lace less molded ball was made official, the size had been set at 30 inches ( 76 cm).

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL CHAMPIONS

Bob Cousy Bob Cousy nicknamed ‘Houdini of the Hardwood’ is an American professional basketball player and is considered one of the greatest ball-handling guards. He was a member of the American professional basketball team of Boston, Boston Celtics from 1950-1963. He also coached at the Boston College from 1963 to 69. Bill Russell He helped United States win a gold at the 1956 Olympics games held in Melbourne. He also played for Boston Celtics and is the first African American basketball icon. The period he played in the NBA championships, from 1957 to 1969 , is usually identified as ‘The Russell era’. Wilt Chamberlain He was a strong opponent of Bill Russell and a disciple of coach, Phog Allen, Chamberlain. He was a goal scoring machine in the 60 ’s and was never fouled out of any NBA match he played. He loved his nickname ‘The Big Dipper’ and was also fondly called ‘Wilt the Stilt’, ‘Goalith’. Magic Johnson Earvin Johnson. Jr, more popular as Magic Johnson, is an American Basketball player. He was the member of Los Angeles Lakers team and led the team to five NBA championships. He also used to entertain viewers with his creative ball handling Larry Bird Bird, described as ‘Hick from French Lick’, played 13 seasons as a part of the NBA team Boston Celtics and is a great shooter. He was a member of the US men’s basketball team, the Dream Team, that won an Olympics gold at Barcelona in 1992. Michael Jordan Michael Jordon, nicknamed Air Jordan, is popular for his exceptional acrobatic ability to leap higher. He was widely considered as the best basketball player of all time. He is good at shooting, passing, and also defending the ball. He helped the US Olympic team win gold medals at Barcelona and Spain in 1984 and 1992. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor. Jr, was the most popular American Professional Basketball player in the 1970 ’s and 80 ’s. He was a member of Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers teams of the NBA. He is also a popular actor and writer. Shaquille O'Neal Shaquille O'Neal, usually called Shaq, played for various NBA teams, Orlando Magic, Houston Rockets, Los Angelers Lakers, Miami Heat, Phoenix Suns, Cleveland Cavaliers and Boston Celtics. He was a part of the US Basketball team that won gold at Olympics in 1996. John Stockton John was a part of the NBA team Utah Jazz and though he was not as tall as most of his team members, he was so good at handling the ball and at steals that he was considered the greatest point guard in the NBA history. He was a part of the US Olympics basketball team in 1992 and in 1996 and also won two gold medals. Lebron James James, popular as King James, earned the title Ohio’s Mr. Basketball. He was a part of the Miami Heat team of the NBA during its 2012 and 2013 wins. This tall, muscular and athletic champion is also famous for bagging several million dollar endorsements even before starting his career with the Cleveland Cavaliers team of the NBA. He was also a part of the US men’s Olympic teams that won a bronze in 2004 and a gold in 2008. Tristan Thompson is a Canadian-American professional basketball player with the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers. a 6 -feet- 9 - inches tall professional basketball player and native of a suburb of Toronto, Canada. A center and power forward, he has played for the Cavaliers since December 2012 and has won one NBA championship with the team. Thompson became the first player in Cavaliers history to play in 400 consecutive regular- season games in December 2016. That season and the following one both ended with losses to the Warriors in the Finals.

FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

❑ Basketball facilities for high level competitions (+3, seats) The following events are considered as high-level basketball competitions with the maximum seating capacities indicated: The Olympic Tournaments Preliminary round: 7, 500 seats All further rounds: 12 , 000 seats The Olympic Qualifying Tournaments for Men and Women Preliminary round: 6, 000 seats All further rounds: 10 , 000 seats The FIBA World Championship for Men - Preliminary round: 7, 500 seats All further rounds: 15 , 000 seats The FIBA World Championship for Women Preliminary round: 4, 000 seats All further rounds: 8 , 000 seats The FIBA U- 21 World Championship Preliminary round: 4, 000 seats All further rounds: 8 , 000 seats The FIBA Women’s U- 21 World Championship Preliminary round: 4, 000 seats All further rounds: 8 , 000 seats The FIBA U- 19 World Championship Preliminary round: 4, 000 seats All further rounds: 8 , 000 seats The FIBA Women’s U- 19 World Championship Preliminary round: 4, 000 seats All further rounds: 8 , 000 seats All Continental or Zone Championship, including all qualifying tournaments and games for these championships Preliminary round: 5, 000 – 8, 000 seats All further rounds: 10 , 000 – 15 , 000 seats Parking Areas Every facility should be provided with sufficient space to used as parking areas for personal and public transport vehicles. Special arrangements should be made for those involved at the game (players, referees, game officials, media, etc.) Spectator parking The minimum of total parking area shall confirm with the construction regulations in force but not be less 1 square meter for every spectator. Participant and Guest parking Adequate parking places are provided for the athletes’, officials and the representatives of the media. These parking shall be located in the close proximity of the relevant entrances. Television Broadcast van parking Sufficient space to form a TV compound must be provided at each stadium for the parking of all production vehicles, OB vans, transportable earth station and computer technical vehicles. It must be fully secured with no access for the general public. Arena Access The entrance hall shall provide for the unhindered flow of the public, where secure and separate access shall be guaranteed for the following: Teams Referees and game officials Accredited media representatives VIPs Volunteers Local staff Sport Activities Areas In addition to the central playing court, it is recommended to provide at least two other courts with a minimum seating capacity for training purposes and pre-game warm-ups, as well as a work-out and fitness room measuring at least 50 square meters for training and specific muscle exercises. O o o ⑧ 0 all

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Playing court The playing court shall be rectangular, level, made of wood and clear of any obstacles, measuring 28 meters x 15 meters with a minimum height of 7 meters. Playing area In addition to the central paying court, the playing area includes a 2 -meter-wide perimeter line around the court’s end lines and sidelines. The outer limits of this perimeter might have advertising boards (at least on the 3 sides, opposite to the players’ benches and the scorers’ table). Provisions should be made in every facility for a further line at least 1.80 meters in width, off-limits to the public and reserved for: __commissioners, photographers at the ends of the court __an external safety area, on the length of the court __game officials and team benches on one length of the court The first row of spectator seating may not be less than 5 meters away from the playing court’s outer limits. Support Services Areas The support services areas comprise all zones where operations which are essential to competitions are carried out. It is recommended to plan with a height of at least 2.70 meters. In the changing rooms, toilets and showers, the height shall be no less than 2.40 meters.

Athletes changing room The facility shall be equipped with at least 4 changing rooms for the athletes. The rooms shall be divided up to the following functions. __Area where the players get changed with synthetic or tiles floor. It shall be equipped with benches, coat racks or wardrobes, one small bed for massage and one blackboard. __Antechamber with non-slip waterproof covering, that links the changing rooms with the toilets and showers, equipped with mirrors and coat racks. __Shower area, covered with non-slip waterproof material, with at least 2 showers. __Toilets and washbasin Staff changing rooms The staff changing rooms shall be sized based on the number of staffs involved in the preparation of the playing court, cleaning, technical plant maintenance, etc. These rooms shall be located way from the area of the athlete’s and officials’ changing rooms. Doping control area The doping control area must be located inside the building, so that it may be easily reached from the playing area. The area shall accommodate at least 10 persons at the same time. The doping control station shall not be used for any other purpose such as storage, sick room, office, toilet, etc. The room must contain the following: __A waiting area with chairs (Minimum 15 square meters). __The doping control area itself, where the controls are carried out shall be equipped with a series of visible toilets with front facing mirrors (Minimum 15 square meters). __A sanitary area with a shower (Minimum 5 square meters). First aid area The first aid area shall enable first aid as well as normal preventive medical consultation to be given and be within easy reach of all the other sections of the facility. There shall be a separate first aid room for the players and the public. The first aid room for players shall be situated so as to be directly and rapidly reached by the emergency services outside the hall as well as from the playing court itself. The access shall be possible from the ground floor and free of all obstacles, so the injured player may be conveyed there quickly. The first aid room for the public shall be enable first aid to be administered to the public. It shall be easily accessible from the tributes and to the ambulances coming from the hall through reserved routes. Both areas shall include a toilet and sink preferably with an antechamber allowing direct access from the first aid room. The area shall be adequately equipped and have a minimum dimension of 30 square meters. The furniture and equipment shall include: __A bed for medical examinations, approximately 2.40 meters long and 0.60 meters wide __A folding stretcher __A desk with armchair __A wardrobe __A coat racks __An oxygen cylinders

FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

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FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

❑ Small basketball facilities ( 100 – 3,000 seats) It is recommended to construct small basketball facilities for: __National Basketball League games __School activities __Sport clubs __Multisport Associations To make a facility as useable as possible, it is recommended to allow a certain number of functions which could take place either simultaneously or at different times, i.e. to make a multi-purpose structure. The facility can be subdivided into the following sections: Sporting activities section The sporting activities section is a central component of the facility. Support service section The areas should be planned totally free of architectural barriers to the extent that they are useable by the disabled. The support service section consists of all places where functions are carried out, such as: Changing rooms First aid rooms Equipment storage Administrative office Public Section The public section allows spectators to view sporting activities as they take place, as well as all the ancillary and additional functions such as entry and exit to and from the facility, payment for tickets and the care and hygiene of each person. The public section consists of:

Foyer

Ticket office

Bar-cloakroom Toilet facilities Seating Technical Plant Section Power plant Heating ventilation room Supplementary plant room Basket: opponents’/ own The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents’ basket and the basket which is defended by a team is the team’s own basket. The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court. Top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05m) above the court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline. Winner of a game The team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of playing time shall be the winner. Playing Court The playing shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions with dimensions of twenty-eight ( 28 ) m in length by fifteen ( 15 ) m in width measured from the inner edge of the boundary line. Backcourt A team’s backcourt consists of its team’s own basket, the inbounds part of the playing court limited by the endline behind the team’s own basket, the sidelines and the centre line. Frontcourt A team’s frontcourt court consists of the opponents’ basket, the inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court limited by the endline behind the opponents’ basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the centre line nearest to the opponents’ basket. Lines All line shall be drawn in white colour, five ( 5 ) cm in width and clearly visible. Boundary line The playing court shall be limited by the boundary line, consisting of the endlines and the sidelines. These lines are not part of the playing court. Any obstruction including seated team bench personnel shall be at least two ( 2 ) m from the playing court. ⑧ ⑧ o col ⑧ ⑧ ⑬ Ol ⑧ Al o wa W

Centre line, centre circle and free-throw semi- circles The centre line shall be marked parallel to the endlines from the mid-points of the sidelines. It shall be extended 0.15 m beyond each sideline. The centre line is part of the backcourt. The centre circle shall be marked in the centre of the playing court and have a radius of 1.80m measured of the outer edge of the circumference. If the inside of the centre line is painted, it must be the same colour as the restricted areas. The free-throw semi-circles shall be marked on the playing court with a radius of 1.80m measured to the outer edge of the circumference and with their centres at the mid-points of the free-throw lines.

FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free- throw rebound places The free-throw line shall be drawn parallel to each endline. It shall have its furthest edge 5.80m from the inner edge of the endline and shall be 3.60m long. Its mid-point shall lie on the imaginary line joining the mid-points of the two ( 2 ) endlines. The restricted areas shall be the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the endlines, the extended free- throw lines and the lines which originate at the endlines, their outer edges being 2.45m from the mid-points of the endlines and terminating at the outer edge of the free-throw lines. These lines, excluding the endlines, are part of the restricted area. The inside of the restricted areas must be painted in one colour. Free-throw rebound places along the restricted areas, reserved for players during free-throws. Three-point field goal area The team’s 3 -point field goal area shall be the entire floor area of the playing court, except for the area near the opponents’ basket, limited by and including:

• The Two ( 2 ) parallel lines extending from and perpendicular to the end line, with the outer edge 0.90 from the inner edge of the sidelines.
• An arc of radius 6.75m measured from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the opponents’ basket to the outer edge of the arc. The distance of the point on the floor from the inner edge of the mid-point of the mid-point of the end line is 1.575m. The arc joined to the parallel lines. Team bench areas The team bench areas shall be marked outside the playing court limited by two ( 2 ) lines. There must be fourteen ( 14 ) seats available in the team bench area for the coaches, the assistant coaches, the substitutes and the team followers. Any other persons shall be at least two ( 2 ) m behind the team bench. Throw-in Lines The two ( 2 ) lines of 0.15m in length shall be marked outside the playing court at the sideline opposite the scorer’s table, with the outer edge of the lines 8.325m from the inner edge of the nearest endline. No-charge semi-circle areas The no-charge semi-circle lines shall be marked outside the playing court, limited by:
• A semi-circle with the radius of 1.25m measured from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the basket to the inner edge of the semi-circle. The semi- circle is joined to:
• Two ( 2 ) parallel lines perpendicular to the endline, the inner edge 1.25m from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the basket, 0.375m in length and ending 1.20m from the inner edge of the endline. The no-charge semi-circle areas are completed by imaginary lines joining the ends of the parallel lines directly below the front edges of the backborads. The no-charge semi-circle lines are not part of the no- charge of the semi-circle areas. For the international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. 92 by 49 ft.) The National Basketball Association (NBA) is 94 by 50 feet ( 29 by 19 m). Most courts are made of wood. . ⑧

FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

SAFETY/ETIQUETTE

1.Clearthegymnasiumandimmediateplayingareaof movableobstructionsand cover or pad those obstructions that cannot be moved.

2. No rough play or horseplay will be tolerated.
3. Be careful/aware of the walls during practice or play.
4. When possible make use of breakaway rims and pad the underside of the backboards.
5. No loose or hanging jewelry should be worn by competitors. Remove rings, bracelets and wristwatches.
6. Only gym shoes with sufficient traction should be worn.
7. Always be alert of play, even if you are standing on the sidelines. 8.Wheneverpossibleduringthedrillsorgameplay,part icipantsofcommonability levels should play against each other.
8. Goodsportsmanshipshouldbedisplayedbyall. 10.Take periodic rest and water breaks. CARE OF EQUIPMENT/FACILITIES
9. Balls are stored in portable bins and should be carefully returned to the bins at the end of each period of use. Do not kick the basketballs or throw them from a distance into the storage bins.
10. Balls should be checked often for proper inflation levels.
11. Do not sit on or throw the basketballs against the gym walls.
12. Do not hang on the rims or nets.
13. The playing floor should be swept and cleaned regularly.