Health Impact Assessment
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Health Impact Assessment - Health - Lecture Slides, Slides of Public Health
This lecture belongs to lecture series on Health. Almost all topics related to health are covered in this course. Key points in this lecture are: Health Impact Assessment, Methodological Steps, Evaluation, Health of a Population, Hia Development, Gothenburg Consensus Paper, Democracy, Sustainable Development, Ethical Use of Evidence
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Health Impact Assessment
Learning objectives
To get familiar with the health impactassessment
To understand the objectives of healthimpact assessment
To understand basic methodological steps ofhealth impact assessment
Why do I like health impact
assessment?
I^
was
used
to
work
in
hygiene
service
in
Slovak
Republic and it had been required by law since 1966 thateach decision should be approved by district hygienist, itmeans some kind of health impact assessment had beenexpected. Unfortunately, the practice was not always so.Working as director of the National Health PromotionCenter, I realized that health impact assessment is muchmore then a step within licensing procedure and I startedto do research in this field. The broad field which mustbe covered and the variety of inter-relations explored bya truly health impact assessment is an amazing field ofpublic health with no respect to national or local level orselected topic to assess.
Health impact assessment (HIA)
Environmental, social, economic, etc.impact assessments
Assessment – evaluation
Health impact assessment - anycombination of procedures or methods bywhich a proposed policy or program may bejudged as to the effects it may have on thehealth of a population
3
HIA development
EIA legislation – 1969
1991 and later in 90’s more and more countriesincludes HIA into expertise's, New Zealand,Australia, British Columbia in Canada, etc.
In Europe Germany and the Netherlands mostlyenvironmental health issues, Finland, Swedenother general policy or specific policy issues in90’s
1998 strong movement in United Kingdom, majordocuments came out
Epidemiology, environmental health, riskassessment, sociology, politology, communication,etc.
Amsterdam treaty of EC
article 152
”a high level of human health protection shall beensured in the definition and implementation of allCommunity policies and activities”
- http://ue.eu.int/Amsterdam/en/traiteco/en1.htm– TITLE XIII Article 152
European council resolution of June 1999 calls forestablishment of procedures to monitor the impactof Community policies and activities on publichealth and health care
HIA of the EU Common
Agriculture Policy
Dahlgren, Nordgren, Whitehead, NationalInstitute of Public Health, Sweden, 1996
21
Health impacts of
- CAP of fruit and vegetable– CAP of diary products– CAP of tobacco regime– CAP of alcohol regime
The cases listed on the following fiveslides refer to different topics HIA
has been completed
Merseyside steering group
Community safety projects
5
International astronomy and spaceexploration centre
14
Integrated transport strategy
5
Drug prevention initiative
5
King George V playing fields project
5
And many others
5
London
Greater London Authority’s BiodiversityStrategy
5
Greater London Authority EconomicDevelopment Strategy
5
Impact of US embargo on health
in Cuba
Combine effects of a severe economicdecline since 1989 and a tightening of theUS embargo in 1992 on health and healthcare in Cuba
16
HIA methodologies
16 different models or guidance'srecognized in literature!
The Merseyside guidelines
1
A 10 step risk assessment model of theUniversity of Bielefeld
20
General model
20
The Merseyside guidelines
Apply screening criteria to select project or policy
Establish steering group
Agree terms of reference for assessment
Select assessor
Conduct assessment
Appraise the assessment
Negotiate favored options
Implement and monitor
Evaluate and document
A 10 step risk assessment model
(Bielefeld model)
Project analysis
Regional analysis
Population analysis
Background analysis
Prognosis of additional pollution
Prognosis of health impact
Summarizing assessment of impacts
Recommendations
Communication
Evaluation
General model
Screening
Scoping
Risk assessment
Decision making