Hawaii’s Biodiversity
Environment & Ecology
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Hawaii's Biodiversity: Dispersal Methods and Adaptations of Plants and Animals, Slides of Ecology and Environment
The fascinating ways in which plants and animals reached the hawaiian islands, from long-distance dispersal through wind, water, and birds, to adaptations for survival in seawater and on land. Discover the unique biodiversity of hawaii and the role of various species in shaping its ecosystem.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Hawaii’s Biodiversity
Environment & Ecology
Environmental Diversity
Extremely wide range of habitats
temperature moisture soils vegetation
Facts:
- 2,500 miles of ocean separate North
America from the Hawaiian Islands.
- 3,500 miles of ocean between the
small Marianas Islands and the Hawaiian chain.
- The Hawaiian chain has never been
connected to a land mass.
How then, did plants and animals cross
the large oceanic distance to arrive on the Hawaiian islands?
- Transportation through the air
- Attached to Birds
- Fruits eaten by Birds
- Drifting in Seawater
14.3% of native flowering plants adapted to oceanic drift.
Adaptations for dispersal in seawater:
- Seeds or fruits capable of floating.
- Seeds or plant parts must be able to resist seawater for weeks.
- Must arrive alive on beach and be able to grow there.
Pandanus tectorius
Includes plants that reproduce by means of spores such as ferns, mosses, algae, and lichen
- Spore size : Spores so small that a line of a thousand of them end-to-end would be an inch long.
- Fern spores would be more successful at reaching Hawaiian island then seeds of flowering plants.
Adenophorus periens Docsity.com
Insects.
- Passive flight and small body size of insects
accounts for their dispersal to the island.
Yellow-faced bee Nesoprosopis
pollinates
- Embedded in mud on feet or other parts of birds
- Sticky substances
- Mechanical devices (barbs, hooks, bristles)
Pacific golden plover Docsity.com
migration migration
Flowering Plant Dispersal by Birds
Birds
- Travel through active flight such as migratory birds, marine birds, shore birds and waterfowl.
- Land birds underrepresented.
Insects
- Passive flight and small size
- Storms
- Air currents
- Migration
Amphidromous- migrate to and from the sea but
do not use the ocean for reproduction
Anchialine pond