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Ground Ops Final Exam
- Hold Short
- Yellow Edge Lines Taxiway
- White Edge Lines Runway
- Solid line stop hold short, non-movement area/runway
- Dotted line movement area/runway
- Ground Handling Companies -contracted by airlines and other aviation com- panies around the world -provide a host of various services to the airlines that hire them
- Ground Handling -wide range of services provided to facilitate an aircraft flight or aircraft ground repositioning -preparation for and upon conclusion of a flight which will include both customer
service and ramp service functions
- Customer Service Functions-Ticketing there are provisions for on the spot purchases at most terminals
- Customer Service Functions-Check In -electronic check in kiosks have be- come prevalent in most major airports -there are still customer service agents to assist passengers wit the check-in process
- Customer Service Functions-Over-Size Bags -provisions will be available, usually at a secondary location, for the acceptance of oversized or very heavy baggage items
- Customer Service Functions-Baggage Sorting bags will be electronically sorted by flight or manually sorted by flight and either loaded into Unit Load Devices (ULD), or placed on baggage trolleys in preparation for aircraft loading
- Customer Service Functions-Lobby Management passenger service agents will ensure that the appropriate number of check-in desks are available, staffed, and
TERMINAL BUILDING, DEALING AS NECESSARY WITH ISSUES ARISING FROM
INBOUND DELAY OR CANCELLATION OF CONNECTING FLIGHTS
- Customer Service Functions-Baggage Services GROUND AGENTS WILL ASSIST WITH LOST, MISDIRECTED OR DAMAGED BAGGAGE
- Ramp Services-Marshalling -FOLLOW ME VEHICLE GUIDE THE AIR- CRAFT TO ITS ASSIGNED PARKING STAND. -AS THE AIRCRAFT APPROACHES THE STAND, THE VEHICLE RELINQUISHES AIRCRAFT GUIDANCE TO EITHER ELECTRONIC STAND ENTRY GUIDANCE SYSTEMS OR GROUND PERSONNELTO DIRECTTHE AIRCRAFTTO ITS FINAL PARKED POSITION -WING WALKERS WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE MARSHALLER OR GUID-
ANCE SYSTEM BY CONTROLLING RAMP TRAFFIC AND TO HELPING TO MIT- IGATE
ANY WING TIP CLEARANCE HAZARD.
- Ramp Services-Marshalling Continued -ON DEPARTURE, A MARSHALLER WILL ASSIST IN ENGINE START, CONFIRMING THAT THE AREA AROUND THE ENGINE IS CLEAR OF HAZARDS AND WATCHING FOR INDICATIONS OF AN ENGINE FIRE -SHOULD A FIRE OCCUR, THE MARSHALLER WILL ADVISE THE CREW BY INTERPHONE OR BY USING EMERGENCY HAND SIGNALS
- Ramp Services-Chocking and Connection/Disconnection of Ground Ser- vices -ONCE THE AIRCRAFT IS ON-STAND, WHEEL CHOCKS WILL BE IN- SERTED AND EXTERNAL SERVICES SUCH AS PASSENGER BRIDGE(S) OR BOARDING STAIRS, GROUND ELECTRICAL SERVICE AND GROUND AIR CON- DITIONING UNITS WILL BE POSITIONED OR CONNECTED AS REQUIRED -AS THE DEPARTURE TIME APPROACHES, THESE ITEMS WILL BE DISCON- NECTED AND REMOVED AS DIRECTED BY THE FLIGHT CREW
- Ramp Services-Baggage and Freight Handling BAGGAGE AND FREIGHT ON THE INBOUND AIRCRAFT WILL BE OFF-LOADED USING WHATEVER SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT NECESSARY (SUCH AS BAGGAGE BELTS, SPLIT LOADERS AND FORKTRUCKS) AND THE OUTBOUND BAGS AND FREIGHT WILL BE LOADED ON THE AIRCRAFT CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT LOADING OF AIRCRAFT WITH CARGO IS ACCOMPLISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LOAD PLANNER'S LOADING INSTRUCTIONS AND THAT DANGEROUS GOODS ARE CORRECTLY HANDLED
- Ramp Services-Aircraft Cleaning THE CABIN, LAVATORIES AND GALLEY COUNTER SURFACES WILL BE CLEANED. GARBAGE CONTAINERS WILL BE EMPTIED, AND THE CONTENTS REMOVED FROM THE AIRCRAFT. TOILETS WILL BE RESTOCKED. PASSENGER COMFORT ITEMS SUCH AS PILLOWS AND BLANKETS WILL BE REPLACED AS REQUIRED AND, WHERE APPLICABLE, NEWSPAPERS WILL BE BROUGHT ON BOARD
- Ramp Services-Catering THE CATERING TROLLEYS AND OVEN INSERTS FROM THE INBOUND FLIGHT WILL BE REMOVED AND THE CATERING FOR THE OUTBOUND FLIGHT BOARDED. GALLEY AND BAR STOCK WILL BE REPLENISHED
- Ramp Services-Provisions of Docs PRIOR TO DEPARTURE, THE FLIGHT CREW WILL BE PROVIDED WITH THE APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION. A FUEL UPLIFT RECEIPT THE COMPLETED AIRCRAFT LOAD AND TRIM FORM OR, IF THE CREW COM- PLETES THEIR OWN LOAD AND TRIM, THE CERTIFIED LOADING INSTRUC- TION FORM (LIF). FREIGHT MANIFESTS AND THE APPROPRIATE NOTIFICATIONS FOR ANY DANGEROUS GOODS.
- Ramp Services-High Pressure Air IN SOME CIRCUMSTANCES, SUCH AS INTHE CASE OF AN UNSERVICEABLE AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU), A HIGH PRESSURE AIR CART MAY BE REQUIRED TO START AT LEAST ONE OF THE
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
- Ramp Services-Pushback WHERE REQUIRED, GROUND EQUIPMENT WILL BE UTILIZED TO MOVE THE AIRCRAFT OFF STAND AT DEPARTURE
- Ramp Services-De-Icing WHEN REQUIRED, EITHER OR BOTH AIRCRAFT GROUND DE/ANTI-ICING AND ENGINE CORE AND FAN DE/ANTI-ICING WILL BE CARRIED OUT. ENGINE CORE DE-ICING IS MOST OFTEN ACCOMPLISHED AT THE PARKING POSITION WHEREAS AIRCRAFT DE-ICING MAY BE DONE EITHER IN SITU OR AT A REMOTE FACILITY.
- Maintenance WHILST THE AIRCRAFT IS ON THE GROUND, ENGINEERS WILL ALSO PERFORM ROUTINE INSPECTIONS, RECTIFY MINOR MAINTE- NANCE ISSUES AND MAKE THE APPROPRIATE ENTRIES IN THE AIRCRAFT
MANEUVERING VEHICLES IN PROXIMITY OF THE AIRCRAFT WILL HELP AVOID
SUCH DAMAGE.
- Inherent Risks-Fueling and De-Fueling Risks EQUIPMENT MALFUNC- TION, INCORRECT PROCEDURES OR DISTRACTION CAN ALL LEAD TO A FUEL SPILL OR FUEL FIRE.
- Inherent Risks-Fire FIRE CAN RESULT FROM A FUEL SPILL, A VEHICLE COLLISION, OR THE MALFUNCTION OF EITHER AN AIRCRAFT SYSTEM OR A GROUND SUPPORT VEHICLE
- Aviation Emergency Response To be prepared to respond to an aviation accident involving aircrafts
Aviation Emergency Response Plan is intended to provide guidance to Company personnel responding to such an event. It describes a Company's aviation accident response Company and the overall response strategy and provides guidance on initial steps to be taken to activate company elements consistent with that strategy
- Aviation Emergency Response-Company Responsibilities The Company establishes direction and control for the entire response The response establishes an Emergency Response Center (ERC) at the accident location to coordinate the technical aspects of a response and the related investi- gation. The ERC is central to the technical response to any incident involving company aircraft. The Company may mobilize members of its emergency response investigation team (Go-Team), and the Company may mobilize selected support personnel (On-Site Support Team) to the vicinity of the accident to jointly manage the On-Site response.
- General Flow of Response Activities-Immediately On-Site -Emergency Response units arrive. -Initial reports to FAA. -Injured sent to hospitals. -Media response begins.
Deploy response teams Conduct internal notification (employees). Notify NTSB. Contact insurance representative. Families or Emergency Contact notification process initiated Prepare for response to media inquiries, calls from family members, and others.
- Response Activities next 24 hrs-On Site On-Site -Emergency Response units depart. -Company response personnel begin arriving on-site. -NTSB/FAA personnel arrive. -Alternate Security arrangements established. -Accident investigation begins. -Families / close contacts begin arriving On-Site. -Airframe, avionics, engine manufacturers contacted
- Response Activities next 24 hrs-Company Company -Maintain media contact. -Contact FBO/service providers for information on last stop (as applicable)
-Follow-up contact begins with families emergency contacts. -ERC operates at high intensity while information comes in, is verified and distrib- uted, and people and equipment are transported to the accident site. Aircraft Maintenance and Pilot Records are copied and secured for turnover to NTSB for accident investigation
Implement changes to policies and procedures identified in accident investigation and response review. Legal actions continue.
- Emergency Response Center Management All personnel in the ERC will; -Manage incoming information and maintain an Event Log. -Search for needed information to support decision making.
-Respond to requests by On-Site personnel. -Make decisions on technical response issues. -Provide or obtain information to support the Company
- Aviation Department- Base Plan Notification/Verification Of Accident Notification Of Company Manager Support Of Operations Segregation And Securing Of Documentation Maintenance Records Operational Records (next slide) Emergency Response System Testing
- Notification/Verification of Accident If the call comes to a base operation, then the information will be routed to the Company manager by the most expeditious means. If the accident verification can be made by trained base personnel, then they will make the verification and pass it to the Company manager during the initial contact. If verification cannot be immediately completed, then they will contact the Company manager with the unverified information. In no case should the notification of the Company manager be delayed for more than fifteen (15) minutes for verification to be made.
- Notification of Company Manager As soon as possible after the
Caution should be taken when sending facsimile copies to hotels or other locations where non-company personnel may handle or read the content of the message
- Support of Operations Depending on the location or particular circumstances surrounding an aircraft accident, many Company resources may be called on to support the response. This may include sending personnel to the ERC, flying affected family members or needed equipment to the scene, or a variety of other support functions. Base personnel will be kept informed of the activities and needs through periodic telephone conferences
- Segregation and Securing of Documents To support the investigation into the cause of the accident, all maintenance- and operational-related information requested by the NTSB or FAA will be provided by photocopy of appropriate records. The initial stages of this effort are the identification, segregation, and securing of the following documentation.
- Maintenance Records Aircraft Maintenance Log/Deferred Maintenance Log Minimum Equipment List Overhaul and inspection records of airframe, engines and equipment Applicable manufacturer maintenance manuals.
- Operational Records Passenger Manifest and Cargo Trip Pack information (if carrying cargo). Policy and Operations Manuals Safety
Manual. Pilot Handbook. Training Records. Flight crew personnel files. Company medical records pertaining to the flight crew. Weight and balance data on the flight. Flight plan. Copies of the crewmembers duty for the proceeding 30 days. Any communication from the crew concerning the trip. Any noted problems during the trip. Weather conditions at time of accident and forecasts for plus and minus one hour.
