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Generation's of operating systems
Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.
Govt. of Maharashtra
CERTIFICATE
Mr. A.M.Jinturkar (PRINCIPAL) (Govt .Poly.Ambad) Mr. G.U.Jadhav (H.O.D.) (Computer Engg. Dept.) Mr. R.N.Jangle (Guide) (Computer Engg. Dept.)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have great pleasure to express my immense gratitude towards a dynamic person and my project guide Mr.R.N.Jangle, Lecturer in Computer Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Ambad for giving me an opportunity to work on an interesting topic over one semester. The work presented here could not have been accomplished without her most competent and inspiring guidance, incessant encouragement, constructive criticism and constant motivation during all phases of our group Micro-project work. I am greatly indebted to him. I am very much thankful to Prof.G.U.Jadhav Sir, Head, Department of Computer Engineering, all HODs of various departments and Dr. A.M.JINTURKAR , Principal , Government Polytechnic, Ambad, for his encouragement and providing me a motivating environment and project facilities in the Institute to carry out experiments and complete this Micro-project work. I would like to extend our thanks to all our professors, staff members and all our friends who extended their co-operation to complete the project. I am indeed indebted to my parents and other family members for their immense help at all levels with moral, social & financial support, care and support throughout my studies without which my work would not have seen light of the day. With warm regards,
Place: Ambad Date
o Processor management. o Act as a Resource Manager. o Memory Management. o File Management. o Security. o Device Management. o Input devices / Output devices. o Deadlock Prevention. o Time Management. o Coordinate with system software or hardware. [ 4 ]
To understand the generations of operating system. To know what exactly is history of operating system. We will able to understand the properties of this project.
a) Install operating system and configure it. b) Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
Sr. No. Name of Resources Specification Quantity
Digital computers were not constructed until the Second World War. Calculating engines with mechanical relays were built at that time. However, the mechanical relays were very slow and were later replaced with vacuum tubes. These machines were enormous but were still very slow. [ 1 ] These early computers were designed, built and maintained by a single group of people. Programming languages were unknown and there were no operating systems so all the programming was done in machine language. All the problems were simple numerical calculations. [ 1 ] By the 1950’s punch cards were introduced and this improved the computer system. Instead of using plugboards, programs were written on cards and read into the system. [ 3 ] Fig. 6.1.1: Vacuum Tubes and Plugboards
Transistors led to the development of the computer systems that could be manufactured and sold to paying customers. These machines were known as mainframes and were locked in air- conditioned computer rooms with staff to operate them. [ 4 ] The Batch System was introduced to reduce the wasted time in the computer. A tray full of jobs was collected in the input room and read into the magnetic tape. After that, the tape was rewound and mounted on a tape drive. Then the batch operating system was loaded in which read the first job from the tape and ran it. The output was written on the second tape. After the whole batch was done, the input and output tapes were removed and the output tape was printed. [ 4 ] Fig.6.2.1: Transistors and Batch Systems
Personal Computers were easy to create with the development of large-scale integrated circuits. These were chips containing thousands of transistors on a square centimeter of silicon. Because of these, microcomputers were much cheaper than minicomputers and that made it possible for a single individual to own one of them. The advent of personal computers also led to the growth of networks. This created network operating systems and distributed operating systems. The users were aware of a network while using a network operating system and could log in to remote machines and copy files from one machine to another. [ 1 ] Fig.6.4.1: Personal Computers
o It is helpful to monitor and regulate resources. o It can easily operate since it has a basic graphical user interface to communicate with your device. o It is used to create interaction between the users and the computer application or hardware. o The performance of the computer system is based on the CPU. o The response time and throughput time of any process or program are fast. o It can share different resources like fax, printer, etc. o It also offers a forum for various types of applications like system and web application. [ 1 ]
o It allows only a few tasks that can run at the same time. o It any error occurred in the operating system; the stored data can be destroyed. o It is a very difficult task or works for the OS to provide entire security from the viruses because any threat or virus can occur at any time in a system. o An unknown user can easily use any system without the permission of the original user. o The cost of operating system costs is very high. [ 1 ]
